Toyota Brand Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toyota Brand Analysis - Essay Example Stronghold - the brand should convey a reliable picture after some time to strengthen its place in the shopper's mind and build up an uncommon relationship with the customer. Brand expansions can additionally sustain the brand, however just with related items having an apparent fit in the psyche of the buyer. An organization may have many brand names, however each gathering should fit well together. At the point when Toyota needed to contend in the extravagance vehicle showcase, another brand called Lexus was made. This abstained from muddying the set up Toyota brand name, which speaks to esteem and economy, and expelled any conceivable negative previously established inclinations about the Lexus name being modest. The unique fortunes of two cars made by a similar maker offer a unintended investigation of the influence of brand procedure to change conduct. Since 1989, both the Toyota Corolla and the Geo Prizm have been made by New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), a joint endeavor of General Motors and Toyota. While the two vehicles are virtual twins, the Corolla has had reliably more grounded deals in spite of a more significant expense. Why The quality of Toyota's image permitted it to charge more, says The Economist. Purchasers figured a Toyota would be better than a GM vehicle in a similar class, thus cheerfully paid more. The impact of brand value on benefit and development is striking. ... Purchasers figured a Toyota would be better than a GM vehicle in a similar class, thus cheerfully paid more. The impact of brand value on benefit and development is striking. While the two vehicles cost the equivalent to make-about $10,300-Toyota offered 200,000 Corollas to sellers at $11,000 each, while GM figured out how to move just 80,000 Geo Prizms at $10,700 somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1994, The Economist notes. The outcome: Toyota made $128 million more than GM in working benefits from NUMMI, while its vendors made $107 million more than those of GM from the plant's items. Toyota Motor Corp. (TM ) is poised to be the world's No. 1 automobile producer by 2008. It delivers about one of each six vehicles sold in the U.S., remembering nine models for the South and Midwest, where it utilizes 32,000 Americans. Indeed, even New York uniform taxi armadas, once to a great extent comprised of rugged Lincolns, presently include Toyota's Prius, the hit crossover surprising beach front urban areas. Toyota to a great extent remains backwoods to American speculators, while GM can in any case draw in purchasers even as it plays with insolvency. Toyota stock doesn't have the 'mind share' of GM or Ford, says John M. Novak, an auto investigator at Chicago's Morningstar Inc. There's an observation that you can't put resources into it [because] it's a Japanese organization - that you would require an extraordinary record. ( Business week) Toyota Strengths: In 2003 Toyota thumped its opponents Ford into third spot, to turn into the World's second biggest carmaker with 6.78 million units. The organization is still behind adversaries General Motors with 8.59 million units in a similar period. Its solid industry position depends on various components including an expanded item extend, exceptionally focused on showcasing and a promise to lean assembling and quality. The organization makes an enormous scope of

The effect of Indian culture on McDonalds advertising Research Paper

The impact of Indian culture on McDonalds publicizing - Research Paper Example Like McDonald’s notice in Hindi which was made to connect with lion's share of the individuals looking for bliss, as Hindi is the conspicuous language in India. It has likewise named its item in Hindi like Chicken Maharaja-Mac. In any nation non-verbal correspondence assumes an imperative job in its way of life. India is rich with her formal welcome. Each motion has its own language. Consequently advertisers should be clear about the implications related with every one of the images and signs. Like McDonald. The logo of McDonald now not simply speak to a cheeseburger café, it has changed in India to speak to veggie lover nourishments moreover. Since in India, the idea of hamburger was not permitted across numerous states, consequently McDonald changed their system to present veggie lover cafés in India. Additionally it utilizes a mannequin speaking to a joker with collapsed hands doing Namaste in Indian style. It speaks to welcome in Indian culture. Ceremonies and customs are manners by which a general public acts of follows their strict convictions. These are likewise passed down from age to age. The reason for ceremonies is to keep up social acknowledgments, social subjugation, and fulfillment. Shoppers are likewise guided by these ceremonies. McDonald needed to change their promoting technique to present things of Indian cause like Wraps Pizza McPuff, McAloo Tikki Burger, Mc Veggie, and Curry Pans to make prevail upon the shoppers. Conventions are the principles which society follows and every religion has their one of a kind custom to follow. Throughout the years this custom evolves to oblige new conventions. For an organization this convention directs the reactions of shopper in light of a procedure. Indians by are veggie lover by religion. Consequently McDonald comprehended the immense capability of bringing in cash from vegan outlets. Subsequently they additionally opened veggie lover outlets to adjust to Indian culture. In a nation like India, which has numerous subcultures in it, great taste implies various things to an assortment of

How to Do Quality Control before Shipping a Product

How to Do Quality Control before Shipping a Product Firms that are engaged in wholesale and retail business have a system in place governing their core processes. These are the sales transactions, warehousing and storage and, to get their offerings to the customers or end-users, they have a system on distribution.But logistics management is not focused only on getting the products out of the warehouse and shipping them to the buying customers.There is one aspect that deserves as much attention as â€" maybe even more than â€" transportation, shipping and handling, and that is quality control. © Shutterstock.com | Billion PhotosIn this article, I explore 1) quality control, 2) common types of quality checks, 3) what to check before shipping, 4) who will perform quality control, 5) quality control procedures, and 6) quality control tools.QUALITY CONTROLQuality control is defined as that facet of logistics management which pertains to sets of activities and techniques that are intended to assess the quality of products at various stages of the production process, all the way to the point right before distribution.The quality assessment will be based on predetermined requirements or standards previously set by the company. In the context of performing quality control before shipping, any product or unit of product that does not meet the minimum standards will have to be reworked, disposed, or dealt with accordingly by the company, instead of being shipped to the end user.Unfortunately, for many businesses, quality control is often overlooked, resulting to returns, damaged pr oducts, losses, and customer dissatisfaction. In the long run, all these bode ill for the business as a whole. Another sad reality is that businesses intentionally omit performing quality control or, even when they do, they do it haphazardly, in favor of speedy shipment.Quality control is performed at various stages. The more commonly performed checks include the following:Inspection upon receipt of raw materials and parts that will be placed into production, or of finished goods that will be for resale.Inspection prior to production. Normally, one unit or piece will be produced and, if it passes inspection, production run will proceed.Inspection in-process. The inspections will be made at intervals during the production process.Inspection after production. For many, this is considered as the final inspection and testing stage. A sample or 100% of the finished products will be inspected and tested.Inspection prior to shipping. The orders placed by a customer will be inspected and wi ll not be shipped until the final inspector has cleared them.For purposes of this particular discussion, we will be zeroing in on the last item, the inspection or quality control before shipping. This is also referred to as pre-shipment inspection, where the inspectors place themselves in the shoes of the consumers to see if the products meet general expectations.Importance of Quality Control Check before ShippingQuality control is meant to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the entire logistics system of a company by performing procedures to detect whether the products are free from defects or not. Those that have defects are returned for fixing to ensure that the customers are shielded from disappointment resulting from defective products.Here, let us try to break down the reasons why it is important to do quality control before a product is shipped.The final quality control check performed before shipping is primarily to ensure accuracy. This is especially true if the co mpany has a quality control system that is in force in practically every stage of the production and distribution process. However, if that is not the case, there is nothing wrong with also performing a check against product defects prior to shipping.It reduces the costs associated with shipping errors as well as the expenses that will be shouldered by both the customer and the company when processing any returns due to defective or inaccurately delivered products.Ensuring that the products are accurate and of good quality will help ensure that your brand, company name and reputation will be protected. Many companies have suffered due to defective merchandise, inaccurate orders, and even delayed shipments.Ensuring that the right products are being delivered, and that the quality passes the standards will eliminate delays in shipments.Dealing with customer complaints takes up a lot of a company’s resources. Its also tedious for the employees. Damage control is not something that co mpanies would like to deal with constantly, even if they have a fairly strong customer service system in place. The lesser complaints received from customers due to defective and subpar products, the better it will be for the morale of the employees of a company.Performing quality checks in ALL stages â€" not just pre-shipment â€" will help the company in monitoring its products and processes and come up with important decisions that will improve their current system. In a way, it is one way to gather data to improve efficiency. Being able to identify problems and shortcomings will enable them to correct these errors and respond accordingly.Ensuring quality prior to shipping is a way to establish a good relationship with your market. Consider this: businesses will succeed if they keep their pulse on their market and maintain an awareness of their customers’ needs and preferences. It is tantamount to “putting themselves in the shoes of their customers”. Quality control inspecti ons performed before the product is shipped is the final activity that will be performed, and it represents the buying experience of the customer.Quality control adds value to a company’s products. Often, companies that have maintained high-quality control standards and ensure that they are followed to the letter eventually use it as a justification to raise their prices.In a small way, effective quality control before shipping will help reduce marketing costs over time. This is because the buyers will be less likely to find problems in the delivered goods hence they will be more likely to order from the same company the next time they need the same products. However, if the product comes with a problem that justifies a return, the likelihood of the customer making another purchase from the same company is significantly reduced.Ultimately, performing quality control before shipping a product â€" and in any other stage of the business process even prior to shipping and distribution â€" will help in lowering costs and risks of losses, cutting down lead times, and facilitating the timely delivery of products to the recipients.COMMON TYPES OF QUALITY CHECKSThe final inspection is performed when all of the products ordered have been produced and around 75% to 80% have already been packed for shipment. The following methods are often seen applied by various companies before their products are shipped out.The check is performed within the factory (or the company’s premises) by external inspectors or third party quality control agencies. Often, the inspectors perform random sampling, checking only several samples at random, before handing out their conclusion regarding the quality of the products. This way of randomly inspecting the products is the most commonly used method, making it a standard way of checking quality of products before shipping. Its effective because it saves time and still has a high chance of identifying any issues present in the batches.The f inal inspection is performed on 100% of the products or on a certain percentage of randomly selected units at a “platform”. The most common practice is for the supplier company or seller to transport the orders to a forwarding warehouse (the “platform”), where the external inspector will perform quality control check. In case the products do not pass, they will have to be transported back to the factory instead of being shipped to customers. This method is ideal for large purchased volumes. However, it is often seen by many companies as impractical because of the costs of having to transport the units from the factory to the platform (and vice versa, in case rework is required).Inspection is performed to 100% of finished products on a piece by piece manner. The final check is actually part of the production process, as the last stage. It is important, however, that the inspectors or the persons performing the quality control checks are independent of the company, meaning the y are not employees of the company. This will go a long way in ensuring that they give a transparent remark. Alternatively, each inspector or group of inspectors can handle specific batches and their details captured so that any issues that arise after shipping can be traced back to a specific inspector.Quality control check is done by internal inspectors, or inspectors that are employees of the company, and have been trained to perform these checks. Normally, they also play an important role in the internal audit system of the company. This option is found to be cheaper by companies, since having an in-house inspector costs less than paying external inspectors to do the job. However, its important to ensure that the inspectors are sufficiently trained to look for all the common trouble points in the products.WHAT TO CHECK BEFORE SHIPPINGWhat are the specific things or aspects that must be inspected or checked before a product is sent for shipping?Product safety. There are safety an d health standards that must be complied with. Inspectors will focus on whether the products are safe for use or consumption.Compliance with the company’s own specific requirements, standards set by the industry the business is in, and specific regulations formulated by the government.Quantity. The number of items packed for shipment must coincide with the number of units ordered by customers.Product specifications. This entails looking into the function, workmanship, color, size, and other technical specifications of the product.Packing. Are the orders packed securely and properly? During shipping, it is possible that there could be careless handling by the shipper. Therefore, make sure that the items are packed appropriately, depending on the nature of the product, to minimize the risks of them being damaged while in transit.WHO WILL PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL BEFORE SHIPPINGWe have briefly mentioned them earlier in the discussion, but inspectors or personnel tasked to perform qual ity control do not necessarily have to be employees of the company.In-house inspectors. These are individuals that are included in the company’s payroll, and have been specifically trained to conduct quality control checks.Free-market quality control companies. These are privately owned and third-party quality assurance firms or agencies that offer quality control services. They are in the business of performing quality control checks for other businesses. An example is Intertek, which provides “quality and safety services to businesses”, by ensuring that the products meet “quality, health, environmental, safety and social accountability standards”.Freelance quality engineers. These are independent or individual contractors that offer their quality control services. In some areas, they require certifications in order to be recognized and allowed to provide services as quality engineers.State-owned inspection companies. These are companies that are fully or partly owned by the state. They are not as numerous as free-market quality control companies, however.QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURESCompanies should have their own manual of quality control procedures to guide the inspectors. This is true even if the company hires the services of an external inspector. Sure, the external inspector is likely to have his own inspection or quality control system in place, and quality assurance agencies and inspectors use industry standard processes in their inspection. However, having a manual will still be helpful in order for him to know the points to watch out for during the inspection. The manual will contain the quality policy of the company and an overview of the processes and the quality system in place.The procedures could vary depending on the volume of the products.100% vs. a sample. The inspector checks ALL the items to be shipped, or only a certain percentage of the whole. Large volumes would normally entail only having a certain sample size inspected.Piece by piece or random selection. All the items are inspected one by one, or the inspector picks several items at random for checking. Random selection is often used for large volumes of products up for pre-shipment inspection.The quality control procedures will vary depending on the nature or type of product. There are certain products that require testing while others only require ocular inspection.Of course, the basic procedures include some, or all, of the following:Manual counting of quantity;Reconciling product quantity and other quantitative details to files on record (actual vs. what is written on documents such as purchase orders and invoices);Product testing, if required;Ocular inspection of the packaging and the labeling;Checking to ensure that the weight of the product coincides with the weight indicated on the label where applicable.QUALITY CONTROL TOOLSDocumentation is also required whenever quality control checks are performed. This will ensure that records can be kept for future reference. The most commonly used quality control tools include the following:Questionnaires: One advantage of questionnaires is simplicity and how it can be easily used and understood by many. Its also flexible and can be used in a wide range of settings.Checklist Worksheets: Just like questionnaires, this contains items that have to only be checked, depending on the findings of the inspection performed. More often than not, they come with questions answerable by “YES”, “NO”, and “PARTIALLY”.Quality Control Sheet: This is especially useful when checking products that have a lot of technical specifications, such as food, spare parts, and even fabric. Quality control sheets are ideally concise and put emphasis on specific areas only.Quality control plays a big role in ensuring that a companys operations are not crippled by problems in the quality of the products. Without a proper quality control system, its very easy to find that the company ends up with lots of re turns that will need many man hours to correct. Its, therefore, easier and relatively cheaper to have a number of quality control points, the most important one being just before shipment.

Prejudice And Discrimination On Same Sex Marriage Essay

Legal but still not acceptable: Prejudice and discrimination on same sex marriage. Prejudice which means prejudgement where it displays attitude towards a social group (Hogg Vaughan, 2011). This is a huge social issue within society has faced as it leads to many consequences that can end in violence. Homosexuality is an example of sexual minors facing prejudice from other social groups. There have been a number of prejudice and discrimination towards the gay community since the 1980’s where sexual behaviour between the same genders was not considered normal (Hogg Vaughan, 2011). The influence of Christianity encouraged the prosecution of homosexuals which become labelled as a mental illness and considered an act that should be punishable. However, through protesting and fight for equality and gay rights gay marriage became legal in many parts of the world. Taking into consideration the legalisation of gay marriage, there is a continuation of discrimination against the gay community. Despite the legalisation of the gay marriage law being approved by the Supreme Court on June 26th. A gay couple is still facing discrimination after being refused a marriage licence from a 49 year old US Christian county clerk. Her strong religious principles has provoked her from allowing a homosexual couple to get married that she rather be in jail then approve of the marriage licence. Old fashioned prejudice displays clear expressions of negative attitudes and dislike towards gays andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Sociological Factors On Clients1666 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy and its failure to support all minorities, specifically same-sex couples King (cited in Australian Marriage Equality, 2015) stated â€Å"When any society says that I cannot marry a certain person, that society has cut off a segment of my freedom†. This quote from Martin Luther King Jr is as applicable today to legalising same-sex marriage as it was to the civil rights movement and inter-racial marriage over half a century ago. Marriage is a right that most Australians take for granted. StudiesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal922 Words   |  4 Pages Gay marriage is between partners of the same sex. Gay marriage is one of the most controversial issues in the modern world. For the past thousand years, marriage has been known to be the social union between a man and a women. In most cultures around the world, homosexuality was seen as wrong, and marriages between same-sex couples was forbidden. The Gays Rights Movement has existed for over 89 years in counting since the development of the Society for Human Rights in Chicago. The publicRead MoreEssay on Homosexual Rights and Equality1242 Words   |  5 Pages This discrimination against gay and lesbian couples must be confronted so that those who are trustworthy citizens have the same rights as heterosexual citizens. In this paper, I will argue that homosexual individuals should have equal rights as heterosexuals because (1) hate crimes against homosexuals continues to occur, (2) the discrimination in the workplace is on the rise continues, and (3) the inability to have same-sex marriages is unfair. I believe that this unfair discrimination is unconstitutionalRead MoreThe Stonewall Riots And The Lgbt Community1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe LGBTQ community has struggled for decades to receive equal treatment but despite many advancements, this group of people is still not treated justly. 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The first countryRead MoreGay Marriage Exploratory1196 Words   |  5 PagesExploratory Paper: Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal? The proposed legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. As a heavily campaigned development currently discussed in law assessment; these extremely confrontational and debatable political questions are facing present day American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, its affect on the parents, children, same sex couples, families, and the social and political world willRead MoreSame Sex Attracted Are More Vulnerable From A Mental Illness1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue that will be investigated is ‘Those Who Are Same Sex Attracted Are More Likely to Suffer from a Mental Illness’. When comparing homosexual and bisexual people to heterosexuals, the homosexual and bisexuals are twice as likely to experience anxiety and are three times as likely to experience depression and related disorders. Previous studies and statistics will provide evidence that will support the statement being investigated. Ca mpaigns will be illustrating how organisations are trying

Discrimination Against African American Race - 1133 Words

Discrimination against the African American Race Brian Barracks Social Psychology Dr. G. Austin Abstract Discrimination against African-Americans has been going on for many decades. Many African-Americans are still suffering from the effects of this. Many people who discriminate do not bother to analyze the damage that this is causing. Many African-Americans are suffering from stress problems, mental health issue, and some suffer from chronic stress. This issue has escalated for many years now and instead of it getting any better it is taking a turn for the worse. Introduction There are many types of discrimination that exist in U.S. society, but the most common type of discrimination is towards African-Americans. Even though we think that discrimination of race has been extinct for many years there is still discrimination in our everyday lives. Discrimination in an African-American’s life leads to high stress levels, which then in turn leads to physical and mental health problems. These health issues effect the lives of the victims as well as those of their family members. When people are being discriminated against on a daily basis, the victim’s self-esteem is lowered. Many African-Americans who get discriminated against can have mental health problems or have low self-esteem. African-Americans who experience discrimination report lower levels of personal well-being, lower levels of mastery, and higher levels of psychological problemsShow MoreRelatedRace And Racial Inequality During The Civil Rights Of Everyone Has Improved Over The Last F ew Decades1719 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Racism[ˈrÄ Ã‹Å'sizÉ™m]prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior†. Race and racial inequality have strongly shaped American history from its beginning up until now . 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Northern Rock Plc Free Essays

Northern Rock Plc Contents Page 1Report2 1. 1Audit Committee and Auditors2 1. 2Experience:4 2Comparison5 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Rock Plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1Chief Executive and Chairman5 2. 2Audit Committee5 2. 3Risk Management Committee6 2. 4Remuneration Nominations Committee6 3Chance of another failure6 4Conclusion:8 5References8 Report In this report I am going to highlight the weaknesses in the corporate governance code of Northern Rock that lead to its downfall. Audit Committee and Auditors According to the UK Corporate governance code the board should set up formal and obvious arrangements bearing in mind how to apply the corporate reporting internal control, and risk management rules for keeping the right relationship with the company`s auditors. The board should make up an audit committee of at least three non executive directors in the case of smaller companies at least two NEDs. The chairman can be a member in smaller companies but cannot chair the committee unless he or she was considered independent on appointment as chairman. The board should make sure that at least one the member should have recent and relevant experience in the audit committee. The board’s responsibilities are to lay out all the terms in writing and monitor the financial statement of the company, to review the financial performance and reporting. It should also review internal financial control, risk management system if not in place separately to check the effectiveness and internal function of internal audit. The board should also be review and monitor the external auditors work their appointments and re appointments, their remunerations, and more importantly the non audit services should be checked very closely. In the case of Northern rock the board and the audit committee failed to implement the above mentioned guidelines. In July 2007 the chief executive published on the website that operationally Northern rock’s first half of 2007 was a good one. He mentioned that mortgage lending in particular was strong. If that was the case then how did Northern Rock end up being nationalised in just over 7 months? Was someone checking and verifying the statements of the chief executive. The external auditor’s complacency was another issue. In their report of 2006 they gave a clean bill of health. This was later investigated by the House of Lords economic affairs committee which found that the auditors had performed their job carelessly. An effective audit committee could have spotted these problems well in advance. The reason for PWC’s complacency might either be because of the presence of Rosemary Radcliffe on the audit committee who was previously a partner of PWC or maybe they were providing other non audit services to the company and did not want to upset the board. As per the corporate governance code the number of audit committee’s members was according to the code but none of the NEDs had any financial experience. Nichola Pease had experience of fund management but not in the banking industry even that experience was not a recent one as required by the code. It seems that at Northern Rock the audit and risk committees were not taken very seriously as Rosemary Radcliffe only attended two out of four audit committee and one out of three risk committee meetings. Experience: Northern Rock appointed a Senior Independent Director with over half the board being non-executive directors- following the combined code 2 and Basel 2 recommendations. However none of the directors were experienced enough in the field of banking not even building society. This in fact does not support the idea of having good corporate governance as it does not ensure failure or success. The above factors raised questions as to why the company’s shareholders did not question the risky business model or was it because of outstanding profits seen as the reward for taking such risk. The remuneration committee can also be held responsible for the failure as both the chief executive and the company took on the gamble for the high risks which in turn questions the values of the shareholder and executive. As mentioned above there were so many factors involved . i. e. he lack of experience, the chairman of the board and nominations committee Dr Ridley had no prior financial experience and even the subject that he has studied is far different to the role he was responsible for. The other four non executive directors Fenwick, Gibson, Pease and Queen also did not have recent relevant experience. Sir Derek Wanless with a good education background but unfort unately with some negative history while working in NatWest where he got paid ? 3M having lead a disastrous acquisition strategy. If the company was aware of the history then why was he appointed as a chairman of the Audit and risk committee? All of the above points indicate that it was really poor corporate governance in place which neither of the committee paid attention or lack their experience in the case of chief executive`s appointment cannot be said that much as he was internally promoted it is sometimes good so he knew about the company from scratch to the top but in some case it is better to have an experience person from a different companies so that they can bring new ideas and innovation. The audit committee had to review what they have been there for the monitoring of the internal financial control, the services, remuneration, re appointments of the external auditors. If the corporate governance were strong in the company there would not be any mis representation of the financial reporting neither by the chief executive nor by the external auditors and also they would have known the consequence of the failure before it had happened. Comparison In this question I am going to compare the governance arrangements noted in the case study with the current version of the UK corporate Governance code. Northern rock had applied most of the governance code but there were some weaknesses in some of the areas. Chief Executive and Chairman As per the UK governance code the chief executive and the chairman should be separate, their re-appointment and remuneration will have to be approved by the board. In Northern Rock the above codes were applied properly. Chief executive and chairman were two different individuals and their appointment and re appointment were also approved by the board. Audit Committee As mentioned above Northern Rock’s audit committee failed to comply with the UK Corporate Governance code on more than one count which led to the auditors not performing their job properly. Audit committee should act as a watch dog in an organisation. Risk Management Committee UK corporate governance says that the board should conduct a review of the risk management committee’s effectiveness at least on a yearly basis. The review should cover almost everything including financial, operational and compliance controls and should be presented to the shareholders. Looking at the timeline of collapse of Northern Rock it seems that the risk committee was not very effective in identifying risks faced by the organisation and hence failed to perform its duty properly which led to the collapse of UK’s 5th largest lender in within one year. Remuneration Nominations Committee According to the UK corporate governance code the company should have a remuneration and a nomination committee which should determine the salaries of the board members and should nominate suitable individuals for appointment. The nomination committee should be made up of non executive directors who should be independent members of the committee. The chair or non executive director should chair the committee but he or she should not chair the committee when appointing the successor to the chairmanship. The committee should also evaluate the skills, experience and knowledge of the candidate when making recommendations. It seems that northern rock’s nomination committee failed in doing their job properly according to the UK corporate governance code. If they had fulfilled the above requirements in accordance to the UK code then the inexperience of the NEDs would have not been an issue. Chance of another failure Generally, organisations with relatively poor governance don’t succeed as uch as those with high standard corporate governance aided by investors. Northern Rock proved this statement when worries about corporate governance resulted in poor performance. This came about 4 years before it was nationalised when shareholders were concerned in the kind of bonuses which were being paid to executives. This develops another understanding about the theory that governance drives performance rather than performance driving governance. Non-executives improve performance and t he balance between executives and non-executives is very vital. Considering both the internal and external factors affecting the failure of northern rock it was mainly caused due to its internal disability of managing crisis. It was the very flawed legal regulation and the poor corporate governance of Northern Rock that let itself down during the tough mortgage crisis in the US. The business model of the company worked for a number of years but despite the risk involved the non-executive directors cared less of the actual risks to the company’s model. Lesson can be learnt from the Northern Rock fiasco by other businesses regardless of their size or profitability. If any business does not implement the corporate governance codes properly they are guaranteed to have problems sooner or later. Similar failure happened to the fourth largest American bank Lehman brothers due to poor corporate governance as their systems were very weak. The key areas of the failure were Corporate risk management, Board of directors, remuneration committee and nomination committee. The board of directors included nine retired four of them 75 years old one a theatre producer and another navy admiral with no banking industry experience. In the board of directors the directors were paid well for their work each in the range $325,000 to $397,000 even after getting high return from the company they were not seriously taking care of the company due to having other responsibilities. Their risk management were also a failure because their executive committee the CRO and the CFO meeting were every week but instead they meet only twice in both 2006 and 2007 which was very outrageous. The failure of the remuneration committee was that only $1 billion were paid in cash bonuses in just matter of 8years which is a big failure. Other than that $500 million was paid to the chairman. Out of the ten board member four of them were 75 years old and only one had the recent knowledge of financial sector. If in the future any other bank or business will not make their corporate governance strong I am afraid there will be more cases like in the future. Conclusion: After all I have mentioned above it was a poor corporate governance that led the bank to failure. Northern rock had all sort of weaknesses in their corporate governance code it will be a good lesson for the other banks to learn if they have any sort of weaknesses in their corporate governance they should amend those before it will be too late. References 1. Treanor, J. (2008). Poor governance reduces profits, says ABI. Available: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2008/feb/27/executivesalaries. insurance. Last accessed 09 Feb 2013. 2. Roman A. Tomasic . (2009). Corporate Rescue, Governance and Risk Taking – Northern Rock and Its International Context. Available: http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=1417953. Last accessed 09 Feb 2013. 3. The Financial Reporting council. (2012). The UK Corporate Governance Code. Available: http://www. frc. org. uk/Our-Work/Publications/Corporate-Governance/UK- Corporate-Governance-Code-September-2012. aspx. Last accessed 09 Feb 2013. 4. Agha, M G and Qatinah, A. (). Lehman Brothers and Corporate Governance Failure. Available: http://www. slideshare. net/adnanqatinah1/lehman-brothers-case-study2. Last accessed 09 Feb 2013. How to cite Northern Rock Plc, Essay examples

Men and Women in The Sunne Rising and To his Coy Mistress Essay Example For Students

Men and Women in The Sunne Rising and To his Coy Mistress Essay Donnes The Sunne Rising is about a pair of lovers in bed being imposed upon by the morning sun. IT is typical of seventeenth century romantic poetry. Donne wrote for an elite circle of well-educated friends and his work sows the control men had over women at the time. Similarly To his Coy Mistress is a seduction poem, very fashionable in that period. Marvell is trying to manipulate a woman into making love with him. He woos her by talking elaborately of all he would do if time allowed and tries to convince her it is no crime. However, time is against him and he becomes more forceful in his approach. The lady whose affection he seeks, appears to be reluctant but has very little choice in the matter and she is treated more like property than human. In comparison Like a Flame depicts a woman commanding the situation. She sees the man and it is her who signifies consent. Nichols uses a contemporary modern style in her poetry, to examine love from a female point of view. The poem is written in Creole, an adaptation of English and the tongue of Nichols and her people. By writing in Creole she has taken away the authority of traditional male poetry and made it her own. In Like a Flame has no set stanzas or line length and this helps the poem flow with a Caribbean rhythm adding to the message presented. Nichols uses poetry as a weapon to express her political and social views and this particular piece shows the oppressed women rising up and showing the world that women are more than objects in love. Like a Flame has no punctuation and this allows enjambment and ambiguity within the poem. It is not self contained in any way by rhyme or stanzas and this gives freedom to the poem and increases the view of the poet that love is freedom, does not conform to social rules and cannot be controlled. Likewise in The Sunne Rising the idea that the lovers follow no rules is shown: Love, all alike, no season knowes Nichols states the black feminist view and the open structure of her poem enables her to do this. It adds strength and meaning to the work as had she used the Queens English and written in a traditional style it would have been almost hypocritical. The Creole backs up her argument as it focuses the message being put across. The traditional set up of the other two poems fits perfectly for them as they state the strictly male superiority of their time. The Sunne Rising consists of three stanzas making use of alternate rhyme to add control to the argument with the sun. However, there is also some internal enjambment within thew stanzas showing some freedom in the love. Donnes piece is an argument and the use of hard consonants in the first stanza and flat vowel sounds helps to reinforce this and hold it together. In the second stanza the harsh sounds are replaced with softer long vowel sounds such as: If her eyes have not blinded thine, Looke and to morrow late, tell mee. Donne also uses repetition of long sounds to soften the tone and express his love: mee. Unlike Nichols, Donne lived in a male microcosmic world and appears to be reluctant to move with the times; ignoring new scientific revelation, and reverting back to the idea of a geocentric world. The firm structure of the poem exposes clearly the narrow mindedness of men at the time towards women and their view that woman could be controlled. .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .postImageUrl , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:hover , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:visited , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:active { border:0!important; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:active , .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52 .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1a4c96451d11d9d6248f63c0b467c52:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis/ Practical Criticism "Auto Wreck" EssayThis view is echoed in To his Coy mistress. The poem is also written in a controlled manner with three distinct stanzas, use of rhyming couplets and each line has four main stresses. The poet is trying to manipulate a woman into bed with him and the set structure helps show his arguments and it them flow in an ordered manner. The three stanzas develop the argument and show each stage as it is formed. Each rhyme is the ending of one view or point in the overall argument. The couplets also provide a lot of enjambment within the stanzas and in the first stanza this makes the poem flow in a seductive sensual way. This stanza is the ideal situation and what he would do if time allowed. In the final two stanzas the rhyming adds power and effect to the argument. It makes the tine more threatening and sinister and increases the control the poet has over the lady: And your quaint Honour turn to dust: And into ashes all my lust. The second stanza shows the cruel side to the poet and is the stage in the argument where he is expressing the consequences of not acting then and there. The final verse is almost a desperate plea and the answer to the problem. The points are ordered in a logical manner. In affinity with The Sunne Rising Marvell uses hard consonants and short vowel sounds to make the argument tougher and softer longer vowel sounds to seduce and flatter the woman involved. The overall tone of this poem is suggestive and seductive. It begins with excessive worship and romantic love of the woman, which also conveys a certain falseness, and desire, which is not present in the genuine sensuality of Like a Flame. The rhythm pushes the poem on and the tone becomes more aggressive and blunt. The use of such images as the marble vault the Grave and the worms add to the unconventional repulsive and urgent tone, which puts pressure on the woman to do as the man wants. The tone softens again for a passionate final campaign. The final stanza is more sexual and physical than the love and death of the first two. Phrases such as Time devour birds of prey and Iron gates increase the strength of the argument and the position of the man in the situation as the controller. Similarly Like a Flame has very strong sexual undertone and imagery. Nichols uses strong, powerful and passionate words to make the poem more physical and they add hot energy. The sexual image gains from the use of the flowing Creole dialect. The image of meeting him like a flame is a sensual, dangerous and hot one. The physical aspect is shown by the lines: his hands soft his words quick his lips and they also make the poem more erotic. It is not only the danger of love itself but the danger of being caught that is implied within the poem. The silent agreement of I nod, and the fact that they meet at night reinforce the danger of love. The flame represents their love and it brings light. The heat from the flame makes scene more sexual. The flame also represents the freedom of the woman. Raising up /from my weeding/ of ripening cane shows at face value a woman standing up from working in the fields. On another level it shows the woman standing up for her rights as a woman to control. The ripening can is the social view and as it is ripening it is shown to be developing and the role of women in society and the day of them being domineered over is changing. The weeding suggests that she has been tending the cause to aid it to grow properly. There is a strong use of I and me and it gives the poem female authority. .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .postImageUrl , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:hover , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:visited , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:active { border:0!important; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:active , .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104 .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud497fd9255e20ac730bf4700b5153104:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis Buffet Etiquette EssayIn The Sunne Rising the tone is tense at first and implies that the poet is annoyed at being watched by the morning sun. As the poem moves on the tone becomes more relaxed and romantic. Unlike the other two poems there are not a lot of sexual references but the love is more romantic. The romance is not aggressive as in To his Coy Mistress but is more dreamy and sincere. However like To his Coy Mistress the poet still sees himself as superior. She is all states, and all Princes, I, implies that woman can be governed. This is very different from the equality and lack of pressure in Like a Flame. Donne plays with scientific ideas such as alchimie and exploration. He draws on his knowledge to create rich, warm imagery such as the Indian spices, talk of kings and reverend and strong beams. By using these love is made to appear the most special thing in the world and increases the bright, warm image of the sun. Donnes personification of the sun as a voyeuristic old man is used an aid to express his love by winning and argument for her. Donne uses this to impress the woman however as he is arguing with the sun which cannot answer back. The accomplishment is less great that first thought. Similarly, To his Coy Mistress is rich in imagery. It is not as pleasant as Donnes, but it is effective in arguing his point. In the first stanza Marvell is very hyperbolic, using phrases such as Till the Conversion of the Jews which will never happen. These hyperboles make it more seductive and flattering but they seem somewhat excessive. Marvell uses the organic image of the vegetable, which shows his basic uncomplicated love for the woman. The later imagery is much less romantic and is a perverse way of expressing lust and desire. Darkness and death are obvious images is a distinct contrast to The Sunne Rising which is full of light images. Marvells images put pressure on the lady and he emphasises the effect of not acting now with such words as dust ashes and grave. He also personifies the sun as in The Sunne Rising but he uses it to show the movement of time, which is present throughout the poem, aided by the rhyming couplets. In conclusion, it is obvious from this selection of poems that the view and place of men and women in society has changed greatly. In the seventeenth century men had enormous control over women which is clearly shown in typical poetry of the time. Men would obviously do whatever necessary to get the woman they desired into doing their wish. Nichols Like a Flame was written in the twentieth century and expresses the new freedom women have and the equality they have in all matters of life including love. Nichols makes love seem more real and passionate; it is not pure lust and desire but it is not conventional romance. However each poem in its own individual way, expresses that love is passionate. therefore it is the social ideas that change and the style of writing that alters not the way love is between two people.

Coral Reefs Are Arguably The Worlds Most Beautiful Habitats. Coral Re

Coral reefs are arguably the world's most beautiful habitats. Coral reefs have been called the rainforests of the oceans, because of the rich diversity of life they support. Scientists have not yet finished counting the thousands of different species of plants and animals that use or live in the coral reef. There are three types of coral reefs: fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. Fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land by only shallow water. Barrier reefs lie farther offshore, separated from land by lagoons more than ten meters deep. Atolls, on the other hand, are formed far offshore and they make a ring-shaped reef that close a circular lagoon. Coral reefs are the largest biological structures on the planet, with the largest being the Great Barrier Reef covering over 2000 kilometers along the east coast of Australia (Focus, 1995). The reef is said to be 500,000 to 2,500,000 years old and is said to be visible from the moon.(Scientif! ic, 1987). There is only one problem with this beautiful structure and that is the carelessness of man. Silt from deforested lands and pollution from crowded coastlines choke them, and overuse by coal miners, fisheries, and even tourists deplete and destroy coral reefs. There are many more factors which add to the destruction of the coral reefs, which if not stopped it will destroy all coral reefs. Corals are animals, not plants, sunlight is the key to their survival. They need it to power the millions of microscopic algae, called zooxanthellae, that live in their tissues. The algae provides the corals with food and oxygen in return for raw materials and a secure place to live. This teamwork is what allows the reef to survive in nutrient-poor tropical seas. This relationship is sensitive to such changes in the environment as cloudy waters or extreme temperatures. The stress on the corals can cause them to expel their algae, a phenomenon known as bleaching(Futurists, 1993). With the algae gone, the cor al skeleton is visible and eventually it dies. Died corals lead further on to the death of the reef. There are four environmental factors that effect their growth: temperature, salinity, water depth, and wave action. These factors exposes the reef to changes in the environment very easily especially since it is located so close to shore. This also makes it hard for all of the species which use the coral reef to survive. Coral reefs are home to perhaps one-fourth of all marine species. This in turns effects the entire ecosystem of the ocean. Pollution by humans have directly or indirectly caused the death of 5%-10% of the world's living reefs, according to marine biologist Clive Wilkinson of the Australian Institute of Marine Science. This estimate didn't take in global warming and ozone depletion as a factor. The pollution is caused by fisheries, oil spills, deforestation, tourists, and even reckless divers. The problems which are getting even bigger is the problem of deforestation and reckless divers. In the watershed of Bacuit Bay in the Philippines, deforestation inc! reased erosion into the bay by more that 200 times.(Futurists, 1995) One of the biggest threats to coral reefs are tourists. Last year alone over 1.2 million tourists visited the Great Barrier Reef. (Star-Bulletin, 1995) The tourists are not only fisherman and devoted divers they are also scientists who wanted to see the enormous reef. Every year the numbers of visitors increase by 10%. It has brought many resorts to the area who also want to get into fun and making a little money in the $1 billion business. Even the hotels and the motels pollute the reefs by their drainage and sewage pipes. This is causing a huge problem in coastal tourism which is the world's fastest growing industry, worth over $7 billion annually in the Caribbean.(Star-Bulletin, 1995) Marine Scientists are really worried of how much longer the reef can survive with all these visitors to the reefs. Global warming and ozone depletion are major contributors to destruction of the earth's coral reefs. Global warming is said to cause the effect of bleaching, as mentioned earlier. This bleaching has just started in the islands of Hawaii. The temperature of the water in

The Legend of Shaolin Monk Warriors

The Legend of Shaolin Monk Warriors The Shaolin Monastery is the most famous temple in China, renown for its kung fu fighting Shaolin monks. With amazing feats of strength, flexibility, and pain-endurance, the Shaolin have created a worldwide reputation as the ultimate Buddhist warriors. Yet Buddhism is generally considered to be a peaceful religion with an emphasis on principles such as non-violence, vegetarianism, and even self-sacrifice to avoid harming others - how, then, did the monks of Shaolin Temple become fighters? The history of Shaolin begins about 1500 years ago, when a stranger arrived in China from lands to the west, bringing with him a new interpretation religion and spans all the way to modern-day China where tourists from around the world come to experience displays of their ancient martial arts and teachings. Origin of the Shaolin Temple Legend says that around 480 CE a wandering Buddhist teacher came to China from ​India, known as Buddhabhadra, Batuo or Fotuo in Chinese.  According to later, Chan - or in Japanese, Zen - Buddhist tradition, Batuo taught that Buddhism could best be transmitted from master to student, rather than through the study of Buddhist texts. In 496, the Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen gave  Batuo  funds to establish a monastery at holy Mt. Shaoshi in the Song mountain range, 30 miles from the imperial capital of Luoyang. This temple was named Shaolin, with Shao taken from Mount Shaoshi and   lin meaning grove - however, when Luoyang and the Wi Dynasty fell in 534, temples in the area were destroyed, possibly including Shaolin. Another Buddhist teacher was Bodhidharma, who came from either India or Persia. He famously refused to teach Huike, a Chinese disciple, and Huike cut off his own arm to prove his sincerity, becoming the Bodhidharmas first student as a result. The Bodhidharma also reportedly spent 9 years in silent meditation in a cave above Shaolin, and one legend says that he fell asleep after seven years, and cut off his own eyelids so that it could not happen again - the eyelids turned into the first tea bushes when they hit the soil. Shaolin in the Sui and Early Tang Eras Around 600, Emperor Wendi of the new Sui Dynasty,  who was a committed Buddhist himself despite his Confucianism court,  awarded Shaolin a 1,400-acre estate plus the right to grind grain with a water mill. During that time,  the Sui reunified China but his reign lasted only 37 years. Soon, the country once more dissolved into the fiefs of competing warlords. Shaolin Temples fortunes rose with the ascension of the Tang Dynasty in 618, formed by a rebel official from the Sui court. Shaolin monks famously fought for Li Shimin against the warlord Wang Shichong. Li would go on to be the second Tang emperor. Despite their earlier assistance, Shaolin and Chinas other Buddhist temples faced numerous purges and in 622 Shaolin was shut down and the monks forcibly returned to lay life. Just two years later, the temple was allowed to reopen due to the military service its monks had rendered to the throne, but in 625, Li Shimin returned 560 acres to the monasterys estate. Relations with the emperors were uneasy throughout the 8th century, but Chan Buddhism blossomed across China and in 728, the monks erected a stele engraved with stories of their military aid to the throne as a reminder to future emperors. The Tang to Ming Transition and Golden Age In 841, the Tang Emperor Wuzong feared the power of the Buddhists so he razed almost all of the temples in his empire and had the monks defrocked or even killed. Wuzong idolized his ancestor Li Shimin, however, so he spared Shaolin. In 907, the Tang Dynasty fell and the chaotic 5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdom periods ensued with the Song family eventually prevailing and taking rulership of the region until 1279. Few records of Shaolins fate during this period survive, but it is known that in  1125, a shrine was built to the Bodhidharma, a half mile from Shaolin. After the Song fell to invaders, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty  ruled until 1368, destroying the Shaolin once more as its empire crumbled during the 1351 Hongjin (Red Turban) rebellion. Legend states that a Bodhisattva, disguised as a kitchen worker, saved the temple, but it was in fact burned to the ground. Still, by the 1500s, the monks of Shaolin were famous for their staff-fighting skills. In 1511, 70 monks died fighting bandit armies and between 1553 and 1555, the monks were mobilized to fight in at least four battles against Japanese pirates. The next century saw the development of Shaolins empty-hand fighting methods. However, the monks fought on the Ming side in the 1630s and lost. Shaolin in the Early Modern and Qing Era In 1641, rebel leader Li Zicheng destroyed the monastic army, sacked Shaolin and killed or drove away from the monks before going on to take Beijing in 1644, ending the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, he was driven out in turn by the Manchus who founded the Qing Dynasty. Shaolin Temple lay mostly deserted for decades and the last abbot, Yongyu, left without naming a successor in 1664. Legend says that a group of Shaolin monks rescued the Kangxi Emperor from nomads in 1674. According to the story, envious officials then burned down the temple, killing most of the monks and Gu Yanwu traveled to the remains of Shaolin in 1679 to record its history. Shaolin slowly recovered from being sacked, and in 1704, the Kangxi Emperor made a gift of his own calligraphy to signal the temples return to imperial favor.  The monks had learned caution, however, and empty-hand fighting began to displace weapons training - it was best not to seem too threatening to the throne. In 1735 to 1736, the emperor Yongzheng and his son Qianlong decided to renovate Shaolin and cleanse its grounds of fake monks - martial artists who affected monks robes without being ordained. The Qianlong Emperor even visited Shaolin in 1750  and wrote poetry about its beauty, but later banned monastic martial arts. Shaolin in the Modern Era During the nineteenth century, the monks of Shaolin were accused of violating their monastic vows by eating meat, drinking alcohol and even hiring prostitutes. Many saw vegetarianism as impractical for warriors, which is probably why government officials sought to impose it upon Shaolins fighting monks. The temples reputation received a serious blow during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 when Shaolin monks were implicated - probably incorrectly - in teaching the Boxers martial arts. Again in 1912, when Chinas last imperial dynasty fell due to its weak position compared with intrusive European powers, the country fell into chaos, which ended only with the victory of the Communists under Mao Zedong in 1949. Meanwhile, in 1928, the warlord Shi Yousan burned down 90% of the Shaolin Temple, and much of it would not be rebuilt for 60 to 80 years. The country eventually came under Chairman Maos rule, and monastic Shaolin monks fell from cultural relevance.   Shaolin Under Communist Rule At first, Maos government did not bother with what was left of Shaolin. However, in accordance with Marxist doctrine, the new government was officially atheist. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution broke out and Buddhist temples were one of the Red Guards primary targets. The few remaining Shaolin monks were flogged through the streets and then jailed, and Shaolins texts, paintings, and other treasures were stolen or destroyed. This might have finally been the end of Shaolin, if not for the 1982 film Shaolin Shi  or Shaolin Temple, featuring the debut of Jet Li (Li Lianjie). The movie was based very loosely on the story of the monks aid to Li Shimin and became a huge smash hit in China. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, tourism exploded at Shaolin, reaching more than 1 million people per year by the end of the 1990s. Shaolins monks are now among the best known on Earth, and they put on martial arts displays in world capitals with  literally thousands of films having been made about their exploits. Batuos Legacy Its hard to imagine what the first abbot of Shaolin would think if he could see the temple now. He might be surprised and even dismayed by the amount of bloodshed in the temples history and its use in modern culture as a tourist destination. However, to survive the tumult that has characterized so many periods of Chinese history, the monks of Shaolin had to learn the skills of warriors, most of important of which was survival. Despite a number of attempts to erase the temple, it survives and even thrives today at the base of the Songshan Range.

BUS 188 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BUS 188 - Essay Example The process further stimulates plans to ensure prompt delivery of technologically improved products in order to deliver satisfaction to the consumers. At this point, Microsoft Inc. thrives as the industry’s most successful business entity in production of software applications that coincide with the prevailing market needs and lead to satisfaction by serving to the desired effect. Microsoft Dynamics and the â€Å"go-to-market† resolution is a precise approach to ensuring customer cohesion as the company focuses upon customer market segmentation in order to be certain of the production needs. Further, the company establishes on its various product category to ascertain on the mode of developing new products. However, laxity does not prevail thereafter as the company’s management intrigues into ascertaining different prices for its different product specifications and in accordance to the market variables. The company unleashed Microsoft, Fortune 500 as a new resol ution to ensuring that the company’s production line would produce a wider range of products including personal computers and mobile phones (Gross, Akaiwa, and Nordquist 45). Mainly, the company relates its performances into ensuring positive outcomes in its marketing and sales forecasts, and ascertaining that all services reflect to the needs of the consumer. Since Microsoft’s software products are the most reliable for use in personal computers, the company rests advantaged to competing at a broad perspective following the current venture in production of mobile phones and computer chips, for example, the windows phone. The strengths prevail that the company upholds importance of its products and focuses on developing its hardware devices in order to suppress the threat of counterfeiting and competition. The continuous update of the software programs inclines the company to luring the clientele group to the understanding that it is the most competent organization and aims at delivering value and satisfaction (Ward 48). Research and development play an important role in ensuring that the company engages on a continuous product development process which of lately led to the implementation of competitive windows products, for example, the continuous updates on windows software, the development of windows phone, and Xbox software among other products. The pricing approach for Microsoft products Microsoft Company’s marketing team ensures that the prices set for its products coincide with the technology used in the products. Therefore, its wide range of software products reflect on the use of different technological approaches thus; the prices established therein denote on the prevailing variations (Weiss 55). For instance, the Microsoft Windows 8 Pro sells in the global market at a price of $199.99 dollars whereas the previous innovation, the Microsoft Windows 7 Professional sells at $74.99. Further, research implements that Microsoft Office 2010 Professional sells at $254.99 in the global market (Gross, Akaiwa, a

Russias Foreign Policy with Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russias Foreign Policy with Japan - Essay Example Tanaka (1993) offers the argument that Russia is an interesting example to be used in analyzing Japan's development of identity and concept of "self" because Russia does not fall into the category of Japan's "Orient" self, neither does it fall into the category of Japan's "West", both of which are generally the dominant "others" in relation to which Japan's foreign policy and national identity have been conditioned. As a result, Japan's relations with Russia conform to a unique pattern which has impacted upon both Japanese and Russian national character. As Hasegawa (2000) has pointed out, Russia has always been relatively unpopular in Japan, especially as compared to other countries such as China and the United States. Bukh (2007) has assessed the contributions made by Japan's popular novelists, such as Shiba Ryotaro who have dealt exhaustively with the subject of Japan's history and have been largely responsible for the development of the Japan-Russia discourse. Japan's national id entity has been defined as a positive entity mostly in relation to a negative "other", in this instance Russia. During the period after the IInd World War, Russia's increasing industrial strength moved it into a position of strength during the Cold War when the country rapidly evolved to a position of power. n view of the significant problems of poverty and devastation that Japan experienced after the IInd World War and the Pacific War, and Russia's comparatively more prosperous position, the effort to improve Japan's position of necessity resulted in Russia being placed in the position of the negative other. Once the Cold War was over and Japan's economic position began to improve in relation to Russia, the latter still served to define Japan's identity in relation to a negative "other" because during this period, Russia may have served as a negative "other" symbolizing the evils of communism which had been unsuccessful. Russia has become even more relevant in establishing Japan's national identity after the latter's economic recovery began to sustain itself. Since Japan was also on the periphery of international affairs, its adherence to western capitalistic philosophy and it's aligning itself with the United States provided it an opportunity to regain some status within the international community as a country aligned with Western international interests. From Russia's perspective, its policy towards Japan was initially driven by territorial interests when it annexed the northern territories. According to Pikes (1996/7), the foreign policy of any great power is linked to its economy. The root of Russian foreign policy originates in the Bolshevik revolution, wherein Russia was to be merely a springboard from which the Communist revolution and philosophy were to spread to all parts of the world, including the Communist countries. The expansionist policy associated with this belief was the partial cause of Russia's appropriation of the northern territories. Mo reover, Japan's rejection of Communist philosophies and adoption of the western philosophy has placed the two nations at opposite ends of the spectrum, despite both of them being peripheral nations as further detailed in this report.

ASDA Human Resource Management

ASDA Human Resource Management The objectives of this report are to stimulate the Human Resource Management, Human Resource Planning and Development, and Performance of ASDA. Furthermore, it explains the human resource management activities, models of human resource management, effectiveness of organisational objectives, performance monitoring of ASDA. Additionally, it also address, the importance of staffing, performance appraisals, compensation and benefits, training and development, employee and labour relations, safety and health, and human resource research. It discusses how the Human resource management works to ensure that employees are able to meet the organizations goals. A brief introduction of ASDA: ASDA group of company operates as one of the largest food retailers in the United Kingdom. The companys stores sell a wide variety of merchandise including food and apparel, along with house wares, music videos, and books. ASDA has approximately 259 stores in its arsenal-each avenging nearly 42000 square feet with some as large as 100000 square feet. The company, once known as a dairy conglomerate, was acquired by Wal-Mart stores Inc. in 1999. TESCO has 31.1 per cent of the UK grocery market while ASDAs share is 16.4 percent. My familiar organisation is ASDA and I will answer these tasks using ASDA. Human Resource Management (HRM) Human Resource Management activities: HRM activities designed to enhance the effectiveness of an organisations work-force in achieving organisational goals. HRM consists of numerous activities, including: Equal employment opportunity (EEO) compliance. Employee recruitment, selection, motivation and orientation. Performance evaluation and compensation. Training and develop skills. Development and evaluation. Safety, health and wellness, etc. Recruitment and selection: The success of an organisation depends on having the right number of staff, with the right skills and abilities.Recruitment involves the utilization of organizational practices to influence the number and types of individuals who are willing to apply for job vacancies (Rynes, 1991; Rynes Cable, 2003). ASDA has always tried to keep it as simple as possible but theyre a big company and want to be sure that application is seen by the right person. Step one: At First ASDA score submitted application. ASDA has a specific jobs advertisement on their website. Step two: The application process of online will usually include some verbal, numerical and personality tests, as well as an application form. Step three: ASDAs employer may ask applicant to attend an interview. Objectives Of recruitment and selection: The objectives of the recruitment and selection process of human resource management are given below: To acquire, retain and develop the best talent and skills. Keep the expenditure of selection down. Make certain that the applicant selected will desire the job and stick at ASDA. To obtain the number and quality of employees that can be selected in order to help ASDA to achieve its goals and objectives. To identify the most appropriate candidate to fill each post. Achievement of recruitment and selection: ASDA always look for a candidate with solid experience and new ideas and a fresh perspective. Applications may be completed online or visiting an ASDA store and getting an application form. ASDA is determining for present and future manpower requirements to coordinate with planning and job analysis activities. Training and developing skills: Training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance. Training is to develop the abilities of the individuals and to satisfy the current and future needs of the organization. A company like ASDA if an employee lacks training is risky for fire, chemical and other health hazards. Induction: ASDA have Award Winning Best Welcome induction is the best way to get up to speed with their business and find to feet as quickly as possible. Store Appreciation Day: A new comer will have the opportunity to attend a store appreciation day after his Best Welcome induction to understand how their stores operate. Growing career: ASDA will work to help grow talent to build up career with them. The new training programme is divided into two parts the first is the service day, the second day is devoted to selling skills. Objectives of training and developing skills: The objectives of the training and develop skills of HRM are given below: To staying competitive, training is the key to sustainability. Reduce wastage and accident rates. To keep staff motivated and up-to-date with industry trends and new technologies is essential to achieving that goal. Increase job satisfaction and motivate workers. Establish the most effective and efficient working methods. Achievement of training and development: ASDA follow an ideal step by step process to train and develop their human power. They hire attitude and train for skill and practical experience. ASDA have created some innovative and effective ways for staffs to learn. Their training and development programs have been designed to reach a senior role within five years. Benefits and rewards: Benefit and Reward may cost a lot but it is important for further achievement. It promote employee to give high performance. Likewise, holyday payment, Colleague discount voucher, Pension etc influence people to give their 100% effort where they works. Colleague discount: After 12 weeks, ASDA provide Colleague Discount Card. Bonus: Their bonus scheme is designed to recognize and reward colleagues for their valued contribution. Flexible working: ASDA offers the opportunity to do everything from swapping a shift.Pension: ASDA Pension Plan is a great addition for retirement. Night Manager Allowance: Night Managers receive an extra allowance of either  £3000 or  £5000 per year depending on the responsibility of their role.Voluntary benefits: ASDA gives colleague benefits, like recognition, Long service awards etc. [Source: http://www.asda.jobs/all-about/index.html] Objectives of benefits and rewards: The aims of benefits and rewards of HRM are to: Achieve high performance from the staffs of an organisation. Make better life and certain future for staffs to get total output. Ensure workers concentrate 100% on their work. Encourage employees to think and better plan for the success of the company. Achievement of benefits and rewards: To achieve organisational success, a company must have to maintain the benefit, reward and compensation scheme. In 2008, ASDA paid out nearly  £38 million to 17,000 colleagues who planned to spend their cash on anything from horses, to shark dives to laser eye treatment! Voluntary benefits, Safety, Compensation, Wellness, Rewards, etc encourage employee to work or give 100% for the organization. Theoretical models of human resource management: Human Resource Management is generally performance or behaviour based. There are different types of theoretical Models of Human Resource Management. Among them two models are explained as below: Guests model of HRM: David Guests (1989, 1997) adapted the Harvard model to develop his model based upon four outcomes. These are: 1. Strategy integration, 2.Commitment, 3. Flexibility, 4.Quality. The guest model has 6 components: HRM strategy HRM practices HRM outcomes Behaviour outcomes Performance outcomes Financial outcomes Following Guest model ASDA takes some HRM strategies and practices to achieve some outcomes. It also tries its best to encourage employees through different activities for obtaining behaviour outcomes. Along with Handy, there are four types of culture; Power, Role, Task and Person. ASDA culture combines two of these. Top management of ASDA reveals power culture that makes the overall decisions. Other one is the task culture. In ASDA the overall aim of the organisation is task orientated and focussing on team customs, and powerful message between all levels of staff. ASDA has integrated the contingency approach by considering the environment culture. The Harvard model of HRM: The Harvard model was produced by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills, and Walton in 1984, which is consists of six components 1. Stakeholders interests 2. Situational factors 3. Human Resource Management policy 4. Human Resource outcomes 5. Long term consequences 6. A feedback loop through which the outputs flow directly into the organisation and to the stakeholders The Harvard Model is emphasised as the soft approach to HRM, employees like stakeholders of the company. In this model has discussed four areas such as, reward system, employee influences, human resource flow, and work systems, there are also included situational factors such as influence of trade unions, labour market, and laws. According to the Harvard theory, employees are an asset rather than a cost. In ASDA, the line managers are in charge for people and store managers are in charge for the day to day running as a combination of both the hard and soft approach. In Task-2: Human resource planning and development Introduction: Organizations must be highly selective in identifying talented employees and developing and enhancing their skills to reach their full potential. HR planning: identifying human resource needs, career building, succession planning, and the development and implementation of a career development program. Human Resource Planning is systematic continuing process of analysing an organisations human resource needs under changing conditions and integrating this analysis with the development of HR policies appropriate to meet those needs. [Stephen P Marjorie C, Peoples Resourcing Contemporary HRM in practice, Chapter 4, Page-90 (3rd edition)] Human Resource Planning (HRP): HRP is not just the production of manpower plans and futuristic scenario planning, but needs to be seen as an important dimension of almost all aspects of HR. The planning of human resources becomes a search for those individuals who now and in the future will contribute most to the success of the organization. Employers have not only to acquire appropriate people to resource it, but they also need to train and develop them, for the following reasons as illustrated by Dressler, G (2003). Human Resource Development (HRD): Human Resource Development (HRD) is about develop people to improving recruitment and retention, improving competitiveness, implementing competitiveness, implementing new technology, improving customer service for enhance the organisations ability to compete with globalisation or competitive business world effectively. For worker development, human resource development (HRD) is the structure. By which, workforce can develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. (Source: RDI DMS course material of HRM) Three HR Planning and development models: There are various human resources planning or development models. We look at three models which given below: Open new product line Open new Store and distribution system Develop staffing for new installation: -production workers -Supervisors -Technical staff -Other managers Recruit skilled workers Develop technical training programs Transfer managers from other facilities Recruiting and training programs feasible Transfers infeasible because of lack of managers with right skills Basic Human resource planning model and its effectiveness in ASDA: Too costly to hire from outside Develop new objectives and plans Recruit managers from outside Human Resource models are made according to the organizational objectives and plan requirement for attaining human resource goals. Furthermore, human resource objectives are straight related to the organizational objective and planning. To open a new branch of any company, Human Resource department need to think about production staffs, line managers, business manager, technical staffs and etc. Workforces are valuable for implementing the new product line, factory, distribution system, and achieving organizational goads. HR department of ASDA recruit skilled workers, develop technical training programs, and transfer managers from other facilities with right skills. ASDA involves forecasting outcome of various HR programs for employee flowing into, all the way through and out a variety of job classifications. They develop training programs regularly and broadly which are reflected in their activities. Attwoods Human Resource planning model and its effectiveness in ASDA: Human resource planning attempts to analyse likely influences on the supply of and demand for people, with a view to maximising the organizations future performance, Attwood (1989) Attwood decorated the planning for people in organizations that involves trying to obtain the right people, in the right numbers, with the right knowledge, skills and experience, in the right jobs, in the right place, at the right time, at the right cost. Following the Attwoods Human Resource Planning model, ASDA tries to do actions of supplying and making demand for the people to maximizing its future performance. ASDA also makes projects of future availability of key staff. This model adjusts and matches between current staff and future plan for its staffing terms. Then it makes evaluation of substitute approaches of dealing with these. Then ASDA selects the best substitute to reach its better HR planning. Following the Attwoods Human Resource Planning model, ASDA does analysing of current staff in organization and personal trends from personal records. Workforce planning model and its effectiveness in ASDA: Workforce planning is the system of analysing an organisations probable prospect needs for people in terms of data, skills and locations. This model allowed the company to diagram how those requirements can be met through recruitment and training. The main policy of this model is to make a right proportion of recruitment which is suitable for the organisation. It is very significant for a company like ASDA to plan ahead by following this model for better performance of workforce. ASDA is applying a workers planning diagram to set up the possible require for new workforce. This one considers executive and non- executive positions. In 2009/2010, for instance, ASDA estimate that to maintain their trade development there will be a demand for approximately 1,800 new managers. So, ASDA can adjust employment levels and recruit where needed. ASDA is looking to fill many vacancies within the company following this model. Task-3: Performance Introduction: Performance management is a process for sharing an understanding about needs to be achieved and then managing and developing people in a way that enables such shared objectives to be achieved. It is always important for managers and supervisors to get the best performance from their workforce in terms of levels of production and quality of output. Armstrong and Baron (2005) define performance management as a process which; contributes to the effective management of individuals and terms in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure it is achieved. The purpose of performance appraisal is to enable employees to gain a clear picture of how they are performing in the organisation and to identify areas where they need additional support and training. Performance management is the method of making a work environment or setting in whic h people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities. The five key elements of the performance appraisal are: Measurement Feedback Positive reinforcement Exchange of views and contract. Monitored HR Performance in ASDA: In ASDA, performance development reviews throughout the year and also formal appraisal interviews at regular intervals. ASDA can improve Benchmarking but they have to set standards and monitor the progress of themselves and competitors. For instance, setting goals, monitoring the employees accomplishment of those goads, contributing feedback with the employees, evaluating the employees performance, rewarding performance or firing the employee. ASDA is a huge organisation and they know that the secret to being successful and reliable is to provide good Customer Service. ASDA monitor the customer service progression via Benchmarking. This method in used by many organisations and is helped to show the performance of Customer service with other supermarket outlets. ASDA believe that the best approach to accomplish value for money is to monitor the performance levels of staff and want to reduce wasteful actions. Effectiveness of Performance in ASDA: By monitoring improvement, departmental managers or business managers can assess the efficiency of employees and determine which ones are meeting the terms of their agreement and contributing to ASDAs success. ASDA monitoring is the quality of work being produced that is one of the features and the efficiency levels within departments. 1. Assurance that the right people are in the right place at the right time. 2.  The improvement in the short-term outcomes such as attracting applicants, maximizing performance, and minimizing dissatisfaction and stress is made in order to retain valued employees. 3. HR planning will serve as a thread that ties together all other human resource activities and integrates these with the rest of the organization. 4.  Balancing present needs-of organizations and their employees for the future. Balance score card (BSC): The balanced scorecard (BSC) is the most widely applied performance management system today. The BSC was originally developed as a performance measurement system in 1992 by Dr. Robert Kaplan and Dr. David Norton at the Harvard Business School. Unlike earlier performance measurement systems, the BSC measures performance across a number of different perspectives-a financial perspective, a customer perspective, an internal business process perspective, and an innovation and learning perspective. Through the use of the various perspectives, the BSC captures both leading and lagging performance measures, thereby providing a more balanced view of company performance. Leading indicators include measures, such as customer satisfaction, new product development, on-time delivery, employee competency development, etc. ASDA balanced Scorecard: Total Management commitment IT solutions for results reporting SMART Target setting how does this Work? Linking reward and recognition to scorecard performance Cascading the BSC throughout the business Transferring ownership of the target measures to individuals Business planning the BSC way. Suggest ways to make Improvements: Sometimes, we see that poor performance lead to dismissal. Without checking, if wastefulness is allowed to continue, staff will lose interest, motivation will be concentrated and no encouragement to produce good quality products or services. Extra information on how to make improvement in the HR of ASDA is summarized as a suggestion as follows: 1) Choose the composition of the audit team: There has to be a representative from the HR function and from among senior line managers. 2) Recognize the functions main customers: The key decision is to clarify who makes the final decision to buy the services provided by the function. 3) Reconsider the HR functions mission statement: This statement describes the reason for the HR functions existence. 4) Reconsider the HR functions role in developing relevant HR policies and practices 5) Make internal comparisons to establish best practice: The organization need to build and constantly update a unique database of HR practices that gives an overview. Recommendations: They should to do constant reviewing of their Human Resource Development, and make adjustment are necessary. They should do demonstrate a model implementation of HRP. They should improve their HR sector to reach an ultimate goal. Suggested improvements: ASDA should- reduce employee turn over give confidence to long-term employment support training allowing employees progression to superior job opportunities increase their employees wages make recruitment strategy efficient let the employee enjoy more wealth of benefit include bonus keep continue environmental improvement