How To Write Awesome Headlines That Your Audience Will Love

How To Write Awesome Headlines That Your Audience Will Love Pop quiz: Whats the first thing you read when you look at a piece of content on social media? Think you know it? The answer is the headline. The headline is the first thing you will read on any piece of content, and it will be the deciding factor whether or not you continue reading. In this post, Ill teach you techniques to writing memorable headlines your audience cannot  resist. Are you ready!? Lets take a look. How To Write Awesome Social Media Headlines That Your Audience Will LoveWhy Spend Time Writing Good Headlines? No matter how fantastic, informative, and downright awesome the content you wrote is, none of that will matter if you dont have a good headline. You know that saying Dont judge a book by its cover? Lets be honest, we all look at the book cover to decide if we want to read it or not. The same goes for headlines. Recommended Reading: How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares If you dont have a headline that gives an overview or benefit of the content, no one is going to click on it. When writing a headline you have to ask yourself, Whats in it for my readers? Would you click on a piece of content with that headline? If the answer is no, then you need to spend some time crafting a better one. Need a Few Tools for Writing Better Social Media Headlines? Start writing better headlines, optimized for social media. Download these three free templates: A tear sheet of emotional power words that encourage clicks and shares. A Social Media Headline A/B Test Template to help you optimize your headlines using our Headline Analyzer. A Catchy Blog Title sheet with 500 power + emotion words, plus 100 headline writing templates to hone your craft. How To Write An Effective Headline That Connects With Your Audience The headline accounts for up to 50% of your blog post’s effectiveness. You're overall goal for writing a headline is to get someone to click on it. In order for someone to click on it, they have to connect with the headline in someway. There are several different headline categories, such as: Question Benefit How-To List Post Generic Let's take a deeper look into these 5 types of headlines. Take a look into five types of #social #media #headlines:1. Question A question headline is exactly how it sounds; it asks a question. This question has to relate to the content it's linked to. If you wrote about Facebook engagement, then your question headline would sound something like "Are You Struggling To Engage With Your Facebook Audience?" The person reading this will make the connection that they need help with Facebook engagement and click on the link to find the answer. The goal of a question headline is to leave the reading wondering the answer.  Be careful when using question headlines. At least tease the answer to the question in your introduction to keep readers interested. 2. Benefit A benefit headline offers a quick snippet of what the reader will obtain after reading the content. The benefit headline has to give the reader (you guessed it) a benefit. If you wrote about email marketing, then your benefit headline would sound something like "15 Tactics For Increasing Your Email Subscribers by 137%." The person reading this will know that after reading this post they can increase their email subscribers. Studies have shown that headlines with numbers tend to generate 73% more social shares and engagement.  The higher the number, the higher the engagement. Would you rather read a post that has 5 ways to increase Facebook engagement, or 21 ways? Studies also found that using odd numbers have a higher chance of engagement compared to even numbers. Do your headlines convey clear benefits to your readers?3. How To A how-to headline offers the reader actionable steps to do something better. The how-to headline has to provide insights to what the 'how to' is. If you wrote a post about Instagram followers, then your how to headline would sound something like "How To Skyrocket Your Instagram Followers With These 15 Tactics." The person reading this can connect that they need more Instagram followers, and this post will help skyrocket that. You’ve probably seen a lot of â€Å"how to† headlines. That’s because†¦ well, they work. When your audience searches for information, it could be because they want to know how to do something better. That’s where you can step in and provide helpful content to position your business as a source of relevant and useful information. 4. List Post A list post headline  provides a round-up of content or information around a given topic. The list post headline has to include a piece from the content it's linked to. If you wrote a post about marketing calendars, then your headline would sound something like "10  Steps To Fill Your Marketing Calendar With Brilliant Ideas." There are different ways to write a list post: 10 Ways ... 10 Things ... 10 Steps ... 10 Tips ... Top 10 Most ... Top 10 Reasons ... The #1 Reason ... List posts work and the possibilities are endless.  BuzzSumo teamed up with OkDork to share data that basically says list posts get the most social shares after infographics. These headlines give your readers the chance to skim your subheads to see if they’d like to dive in further. 5. Generic A generic headline is well ... generic. This is something you  don't want. You don't want to have a headline that's already been written by 10 other people. Even if you are covering the same topic, your headline should be unique and provide an emotional connection with your audience. Don't write a headline that's already been done by 10 other people.A generic headline looks something like "Write Better Headlines Today." How are you going to write better headlines? This approach offers no inside look at what the reader can expect by clicking. Avoid generic headlines whenever you can. List post, how to, benefit and question headlines have a better opportunity to get social shares, traffic, and overall SEO value. Recommended Reading: Here are the 101 Catchy Blog Title Formulas That Will Boost Traffic By 438% Good vs. Bad Headlines for Social Media Now that we know what kind of headlines work, you're ready to start writing headlines! Okay...not quite yet. Keep in mind the headline you're writing  is something that  you  would be interested in. If you won't click it, no one else will. Here's some examples of good vs. bad headlines: How To Write Good Headlines. (Bad! Provides no benefit or inside look.) How To Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, And Search Results. (Good! Provides the reader with a benefit.) Do You Know How To Write Good Headlines? (Bad! Very vague, close-ended question.) Are You Struggling To Write Memorable Headlines? (Good!  Connects with the audience.) This headline from Social Media Examiner tells the reader exactly what to expect when clicking on the post. A perfect example of a "how to" headline. Remember to always provide the  best  benefit and  ask the  right  question! Avoid boring, vague headlines. This headline below is vague and doesn't tell the reader what they will be reading about. Is a "how to" guide? Is it going to show examples of user-friendly design? Do I connect with this headline? A generic and vague headline is something to avoid along with clickbait headlines. Clickbait headlines are manipulative and deceiving. You want to write a headline to connect with your audience, not just to increase your page views. A clickbait headline looks something like "When You Read These 19 Shocking Food Facts, You'll Never Want To Eat Again." I know that headline sounds ridiculous, but it's really out there. Bottom line, avoid clickbait and generic headlines at all costs. Instead, opt for a headline that will connect with your audience on an emotional level. The best way to do this, is to choose your words wisely.

The French Expression Jarrive

The French Expression 'Jarrive' The French expression jarrive means Im on my way to wherever the listener might be (downstairs in the lobby, outside the building, at home, etc). Surprisingly, it can also mean Ill be right back, when youre already with someone and need to leave for a moment. In other words, it can be used whether or not youre actually face to face with the person youre talking to: both Im on my way there and Im on my way (back) here. Expression: JarrivePronunciation: [zha reev]Meaning: Im on my way, Ill be right there / down / out / backLiteral translation: Im arrivingRegister: normal Examples (Au tà ©là ©phone)- Salut Christophe, je suis devant limmeuble.- Daccord Hà ©là ¨ne, jarrive.(On the phone)- Hi Christophe, Im in front of the (your) building.- OK Hà ©là ¨ne, Im on my way, Ill be right out.(A linterphone)- Bonjour, cest le facteur. Jai un colis pour vous.- Merci, Monsieur, jarrive.(On the apartment entry phone)- Hello, its the mailman. I have a package for you.- Thank you, sir, Ill be right there/down.Houp, jai oublià © mon portefeuille - jarrive.Oops, I forgot my wallet - Ill be right back.A classic: you catch the waiters eye as he rushes past your table, and without slowing down, he says jarrive. While less common, its also possible to use other subjects, such asIl arrive - Hell be right here/there, Hes on his way.On arrive - Well be right there, Were on our way.

The French Expression Jarrive

The French Expression 'Jarrive' The French expression jarrive means Im on my way to wherever the listener might be (downstairs in the lobby, outside the building, at home, etc). Surprisingly, it can also mean Ill be right back, when youre already with someone and need to leave for a moment. In other words, it can be used whether or not youre actually face to face with the person youre talking to: both Im on my way there and Im on my way (back) here. Expression: JarrivePronunciation: [zha reev]Meaning: Im on my way, Ill be right there / down / out / backLiteral translation: Im arrivingRegister: normal Examples (Au tà ©là ©phone)- Salut Christophe, je suis devant limmeuble.- Daccord Hà ©là ¨ne, jarrive.(On the phone)- Hi Christophe, Im in front of the (your) building.- OK Hà ©là ¨ne, Im on my way, Ill be right out.(A linterphone)- Bonjour, cest le facteur. Jai un colis pour vous.- Merci, Monsieur, jarrive.(On the apartment entry phone)- Hello, its the mailman. I have a package for you.- Thank you, sir, Ill be right there/down.Houp, jai oublià © mon portefeuille - jarrive.Oops, I forgot my wallet - Ill be right back.A classic: you catch the waiters eye as he rushes past your table, and without slowing down, he says jarrive. While less common, its also possible to use other subjects, such asIl arrive - Hell be right here/there, Hes on his way.On arrive - Well be right there, Were on our way.

Human Resources Management and Strategies Research Paper

Human Resources Management and Strategies - Research Paper Example Their strategy is focused on specification. They take order specifications from clients. In such a case, they are not in competition with the mass producers. This strategy requires innovation and time. However, two orders can be very different requiring different expertise. At our business level, the strategic management process includes activities that range from appraising the organizations' current mission and goals to strategic evaluation. Given the level of competition in the furniture market, they should state their goals more precisely reflecting the volatility of the market. This first step is for senior managers evaluating their position in relation to the current mission and goals. Environment analysis looks at the strengths and weaknesses the companies are facing. Use of SWOT analysis is very important. Competition is tight and a company should know its strong points, weak points, opportunities, and threats. Some of these are external and internal. Bench hill and sons strong points are its ability to be a cost leader and the threat is the raging competition in the market. Strategy formulation involves senior managers evaluating the interaction between strategic factors and working strategic choices that guider managers meet organizations goal s. Some strategies are formulated at the corporate, business and specific functional levels. Strategy implementation focuses on technique... In particular, it refers to activities that deal with leadership styles, the structure of organization, information and control systems and the management of human resources. Leadership is the most important and difficult part of the strategic implementation process. Strategy evaluation determines what extent the actual change and performance match desired change and performance.

Civil Right Act Of 1968 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil Right Act Of 1968 - Essay Example Before the civil rights era, the situations regarding the racial discrimination were very worse. White race was considered supreme and white Americans have the power to consider the black (Afro-Americans) as the underprivileged race. There was no equal education of the Black Americans, no equal employment, no equal housing. Black people were unable to buy a home even if they have the money to buy it. For this reason, black Americans demanded equal rights as that of the White Americans. Fair housing act was one of the demands that were debated and signed in 1968.Senator Edward Brooke of Massachusetts was the first African-American ever elected to Senate. He was unable to buy a home due to his race. After that issue, the fair housing act was debated in the Senate strongly. Senate Leader, â€Å"Everett Dirksen†, strongly supported the bill in the senate. It was thought at the earlier stage that the House of Representative would not gain a higher ratio of votes. However, the House of Representatives passed the bill due to urban unrest and militancy of African Americans movements.On 4th April 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated and African Americans movements played part in riots, burning and looting in most cities. President Lyndon B. Johnson emphasized to pass the new civil rights bill to cool down the African Americans movements. On April 10, the fair housing act was passed and signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become a law the very next day.

Piaget Stages of Development Essay Example for Free

Piaget Stages of Development Essay Child development undergoes various stages from infancy to adulthood. This process of development is called by various psychologists as â€Å"progression through development† to which, age is often attached on each developmental stage. The first stage is called the infancy stage which is from birth to one year during which the physical and psychological occur most rapidly. In Piaget’s developmental theory, the child’s development during this stage is called â€Å"sensorimotor† because the child’s behavior at this stage is mostly simple motor responses to sensory stimuli† (Kalat 170). The stage of toddlerhood which is from one year to three years old is partly connected with infancy stage because as Olga Drebben asserts, â€Å"in these early childhood stages, the infants and toddler’s growth and development include very multifaceted processes of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial transformations. Drebben affirms that the primary modes of infant and toddler are sonsorimotor. The childhood stage or as Piaget calls it, the â€Å"preoperational stage of development† is the stage in which children are subject to externally imposed rules and adhere unquestioningly to rules and the directives of powerful adults. In this stage, peer relationship is an important factor towards constructing a self separate from others and towards developing the capacity to think in terms of other peoples’ attitude one self. Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus stated, â€Å"Equal peer relationships give children a chance to experience reciprocity which greatly assists them in perspective taking and problem solving† (Deutsch, Coleman, and Marcus 359). Adolescence stage on the one hand, is seen to takes place at the beginning of puberty or from 10 to 12 year for girls and 12 to 14 years for boys and end and at the age of 18 for girls and 21 for boys. While psychologist admits the lack of precision as to age limit, this stage â€Å"assume more responsibility for personal attainment and well being† (Arnett 168). It is also the stage to earn a living and a time when interest in fun increased. The stage of adulthood on the other hand are divided into three; early, middle and senior adults. The early adulthood which starts at age 21 up to 34 years, is concern on being able to engage in intimate relationships and in finding more satisfying work. This stage is also period of focusing on long term goals, nurturing other physically, finding a meaning in life, and developing a tolerance for delayed gratification to meet long-range goals (Corey and Corey 88). The middle adulthood ages 34 to 49 is regarded as the period of reassessment of one’s work satisfactions, of involvement in the community and of accepting choice made in life. According to Gerald and Marianne Corey, this period of life is a time for â€Å"solidifying one’s philosophy of life. The senior adults 50 to 64 are regarded as the beginning of the wisdom years. This period is characterized as the time for serving the community and planning for work transitions and retirement. Finally, the elderly, 65 years onward is the time â€Å"to find new levels of meaning in life and to appreciate what one has accomplished† (Corey and Corey, 89). This stage is a period of physical weakness because it is a time of diminished strength and increased dependence on others. Of all these stages, the development stage that is more susceptible to schizophrenia are the early adulthood ages 21 to 24 for men, while 40 and above for women. This is because the vast majority of the onset of this disease â€Å"falls within the interval of 15-54 years of age (Hirsch and Weinberger, 215). Steven Hirsch and Daniel Roy Weinberger noted that onsets of schizophrenia in men â€Å"peak steeply in the age group 20-24† (215), and it slowed down at lower level thereafter. This onset for men is the reverse for women above forties. The stages that are more prone to Alzheimer are definitely middle adults, senior adults and the elderly because this disease takes place during these stages of life. Question 2. Two of Piaget’s universal developments are the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage. The sensorimotor development stages starts from birth up to the end of the second year. Also called the neonatal stage, it is the period of development when the infant where simply a passive being that acts with out any systematic goal. Sensorimotor stage is the development of the child that includes intelligence based on perceptual experiences such as reflexes from 0-1month, primary circular reactions from 1to 4 months which is a repetition of certain pleasurable behaviors and formation of habits, secondary circular reactions 4 to 8 months, the coordination of secondary schemata and so forth. An example to this is the hand exercises. The child can follow simple instruction to close or open his or her hands as this is pleasurable exercise, during the infancy stage. But when the child is over one year old he can already follow basic instruction with basic understanding. Preoperational stage on the other hand begins at 2 up to 6 years of age. Salkind implies that Piaget’s preoperational stage of universal development is the progression of the infant from a reflexive organism to towards understanding of the symbolic world (248). Michie Swartwood and Kathy Trotter pointed out that in Piaget’s preoperational stage, the key feature of children’s thinking â€Å"is symbolic representation† (69). Swartwood and Trotter cited that during this stage, the child is able to use symbol, an object, or a word to stand for something else (69). Thus, though preoperational stage occurs right after the sensorimotor stage terminates, the child experiences tremendous progress during this stage. An example to this is the ability to follow simple instruction not to touch this or that, or that, on the ground that it will harm him or her, or that it will hurt him. In comparing both stages of development the child acquires certain degree of progression before each stage terminates. Both stages also display some degree of intelligence as the child now learns a lot of things through his or her experiences. But these stages also differ on some grounds. First, children in the sensorimotor stage do not think symbolically, while in preoperational stage they do think symbolically. Second, in the sensorimotor stage, the â€Å"child is limited to direct interaction with the environment, while in the second stage, the children learns to â€Å"manipulate symbols that represent the environment (Salkind, 248). In general however, both these stages show the child’s remarkable and development. Question 3. Some of the major stress that I am dealing with in my everyday life are first and foremost are the pressures from deadlines that must be met. This creates tension in me especially when I am running short of time. Biased treatment and sexism are also a great source of stress because it angers me. I really hate these things and I felt stress every time I encounter it. Some minor stressors however that I encounter everyday are the peer pressures. Peers insistences of something I do not like create pressures on me. Stern and unsmiling faces also s a source of stress especially those I meet daily. Some of the coping skills that I learned over time to keep the minor stressors from becoming major issues are; first, to ease my self of being too competitive. I learned this skill after I realized that I do not actually need to compete with my self. I simply need to make a list of priorities and take things at a time based on the priority list. Second, is to be friendly. I just realized that there is nothing wrong to great people with a smile regardless of how they would respond at me. I realized that by doing this, I could prevent the minor stress from becoming a major stress as I actually overcome it. Question 4. Schizophrenia is a disease. It is a chronic disease and severe mental disorder with a typical onset in adolescence and early adulthood and a lifetime prevalence of 1%. Dwight Evans cited that on average â€Å"male have their illness onset 3 to 4 years earlier than female† (78). Schizophrenia is not a developmental disorder but a chronic mental disease. The four type of schizophrenia are the following, paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated. The characteristic and symptoms of paranoid are hallucinations and delusions. In the disorganized type, it symptoms and characteristic are reflected by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and inappropriate affect. The catatonic type manifest clinical syndrome such as excessive purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiar voluntary movements and so on. The undifferentiated sub type is diagnosed when the patient â€Å"does not meet criteria for the previous type yet does meet the criteria for schizophrenia† (Maddux Winstead, 182). It is more likely that schizophrenia has a genetic cause than environmental. It is quite common that when there is schizophrenia in the family, it is passed down to another member. Thus this disease is called â€Å"psychobiological† illness amenable to chemical intervention and modification of the environment. An example to this is when a person is exposed to violence and all other abuses since birth, he has the tendency to have psychological trauma which causes schizophrenia. Question 5. One incident that happened in my lifetime was when I read the story about a plane crash killing all the more than two hundred passengers. After I read the story, I was shocked and I developed psychological fear regarding boarding an aircraft. Psychology fit in this scenario because I knew pretty well that it was simply an accident. In this experience, I developed some fear as it would always come to my mind that this plane might crash too. But as I came to realize, accident happens anywhere to anybody, at any given time and cause. Since I cannot prevent it nor predict it, the best thing to do is to just be very careful and avoid those that I can, but those that I cannot; I just leave my fate in the hands of God. The connection here between psychology and life is that, life is real; we should rather be practical and realistic than be overcome by fear and anxiety about our bad experiences. Question 6. I have incorporated in my work of art elements of psychology through my use of colors and designs. In using bright colors, I usually expressed strong emotion such as anger, or fear, or other emotions. I also incorporated psychology in my designs such as shapes that expresses meanings like lovely ideas or joyful situations. I will incorporate them in the future in the same way I incorporated it the last time with perhaps some improvement or modification. I could connect the process that I go through as an artist with psychology through putting meaning on my experiences in the light of what I have learned about psychology. That is, I must seek the context of what I am trying to portray to which I labor so much. It means that my work of art should be reflective of what life is, of the emotions, such love, fear, and other strong feelings that we often encounter or should I say, that always experience on a daily basis. Finally, one influence that will mesh with my future work of art is those that wear green colors, or things that are green. I am fascinated by this color and this influence in me can help meshed up with my future work of art. Work Cited Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen. International Encyclopedia of Adolescence, Volume 1 USA: CRC Press, 2007. Corey, Gerald Corey Marianne Schneider. I Never Knew I Had a Choice: Explorations in Personal Growth USA: Cengage Learning, 2006 Deutsch, Morton; Coleman, Peter T. ; Marcus, Eric Colton. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2006 Drebben, Olga. Patient Education in Rehabilitation USA: Jones and Bartlett, 2010 Evans, Dwight Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders: What We Know and What We don’t Know New York: Oxford University Press Hirsch, Steven Weinberger Daniel Roy. Schizophrenia Great Britain: Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 Kalat, James W. Introduction to Psychology USA: Cengage Learning, 2008. Maddux, James Winstead, Barbara. Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding USA: Routledge, 2005. Salkind, Neil J. An Introduction to Theories of Human Development USA: Sage Publications, 2004 Swartwood, Michie Trotter, Kathy. Observing Children and Adolescents: Student Workbook USA: Cengage Learning, 2004

Theresienstadt: A Model Jewish Ghetto Essay -- essays research papers

Theresienstadt, A gift from Hitler. A place of hope and happiness for Jews and Jewesses alike. Theresienstadt was somewhere they could wait the war out without fear until the shadow of Nazism passed. It was a place filled with the most prosperous artists and musicians, daily shows and operas, lectures and seminars, gardens and coffee shops. A place with grace and character. An entire town that was given to the Jews as a gift from the Fuehrer. A paradise for Jews. That is at least, what the Nazis wanted people to believe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forty miles north west of Prague, Czechoslovakia, surrounded by the central Bohemian Mountains Hitler pinpointed the small town of Theresienstadt to be his paradise ghetto, his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Located in a scenic community, Theresienstadt had broad streets and a large square surrounded by two large parks and two smaller ones. Here within an area five blocks wide and seven blocks long, over 140, 000 Jews would spend the last months of their lives, and only a few handfuls would survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first Jewish prisoners entered Theresienstadt on November 24, 1941. In the beginning, when the Fuehrer first presented the city to the Jews, many came willingly to the ghetto because life as a Jew was becoming intolerable and dangerous elsewhere with the rise and spread of anti-Semitism. The Jews wanting to enter Theresienstadt merely had to sign a contract turning over all remaining assets and property to the S. S, and in return the S. S pledged to take care of them as long as they inhabited Theresienstadt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theresienstadt was un-like any other ghetto in the fact that Hitler planed to use the ghetto as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? ghetto. It was a model that was supposed to represent all the ghettos set up across Europe. Theresienstadt was a place the Nazis and Hitler showed to comfort and reassure the world as to the overall treatment of the Jews. It was a ploy to try to cover up the real horrors and massacres of the Jews that were breaking out across Europe. Theresienstadt was a ghetto designed to divert all attention away from the dying and suffering, Hitler wanted to hide the truth from the world and create a hoax. With thousands of Jews being transported and murdered, among them were people who would be recognized and missed in communities. These were people that were famous; ... ...e Russian army. Of the 140, 000 people that entered Theresiensadt through 1941 and 1945, Ninety thousand were sent to death in the east, 33, 000 died in the ghetto, and 16, 832 people survived. Most of those that had survived were those who had entered Theresienstadt close to the liberation. Of the 10, 000 children that moved through Theresienstadt only 93 of them survived. Theresiensadt was Hitlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perfect scheme. It was a beautiful small town hidden in the mountains with wide streets and parks the children could play in. The S. S succeeded in making the world believe Theresienstadt was a sanctuary for Jews. When in reality the arty town filled with wonderful and talented people was still part of Hitlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plan of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Final Solution.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hitlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? was a gift to himself in a sense that he was trying to cover up his horrific actions. Theresienstadt was better than most ghettos, having more freedom to express feelings, and more availability to food, but it was still a part of the Holocaust. Hitler succeeded in two things in the years of Theresienstadt; the murder of thousands of Jews and the appearance and acceptance of Theresiensadt as, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? ghetto.

Eating Disorders

A Mental Health diagnosis that I would like to focus on for this paper is the eating disorder of Anorexia Nervosa. Eating Disorders became a recognized topic of subject due to health difficulties that later caused many people to die in America. According to Ekern (2017) Eating disorder is an illness that is characterized by irregular eating habits and serve distress or concern about body, weight or shape (Ekern,2017). When dealing with an eating disorder, it can involve lacking or having very small food intake which can eventually harm a person's health. The most well-known types of dietary issues incorporate Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and binging. The topic of discussion for this paper is Anorexia nervosa (also known as Anorexia). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Anorexia nervosa has been recognized for centuries. Sir William Gull coined the term anorexia nervosa in 1873, but Richard Morton likely offered the first medical description of the condition in 1689. Despite its long-standing recognition, remarkably little is known about the etiology of, and effective treatment for, anorexia nervosa. Prevalence rates for anorexia nervosa are generally described as ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% among females, with males being affected about one-tenth as frequently (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to the site National Eating Disorders (2018), Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by weight loss (or lack of appropriate weight gain in growing children); difficulties maintaining an appropriate body weight for height, age, and stature; and, in many individuals, distorted body image. People with anorexia generally restrict the number of calories and the types of food they eat. Some people with the disorder also exercise compulsively, purge via vomiting and laxatives, and/or binge eat (National Eating Disorders, 2018).I believe that when a person is heavily bothered by making sure he or she meets their specific ideal weight, he or she will do whatever it takes to have that ideal weight for whatever desires they may want to have it for. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Anorexia nervosa commonly begins during middle to late adolescence, although onsets in both prepubertal children and older adults have been described. Anorexia nervosa has a mortality rate as high as that seen in any psychiatric illness and is associated with physiological alterations in virtually every organ system, although routine laboratory test results are often normal and physical examination may reveal only marked thinness (Attia ; Walsh, 2007). I've even seen people who would not even appear as though they are fat and will end up suffering from Anorexia nervosa. This is one of the reasons why a person should not judge someone even if he or she may be thin. If a person believes that they are truly fat, then that individual may have a higher risk of suffering from this Mental Health diagnosis. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), DSM-IV describes two subtypes of anorexia nervosa—the restricting subtype, consisting of those individuals whose eating behavior is characterized by restriction of type and quantity of food without binge eating or purging behaviors, and the binge-purge subtype, consisting of those who also exhibit binge eating and/or purging behaviors, such as vomiting or misuse of laxatives (Attia and Walsh, 2007). Having a loved one, patient, or client who is battling with this eating disorder must know that eventually that person will need to seek help in the future. There are many cases where there is a friend, family, or counselor whom is concerned about someone's well-being. This is where they will have to have an intervention and/or treatment group for that person. There are many behavioral counseling and therapy sessions such as support groups, psychoeducation therapy, cognitive therapy, and education on nutrition for clients whom are battling with Anorexia nervosa. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), The course of anorexia nervosa is highly variable, with individual outcomes ranging from full recovery to a chronic and severe psychosocial disability accompanied by physical complications and death. Intervention early in the course of illness and full weight restoration appear to be associated with the best outcomes (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Adolescent patients have a better prognosis than do adults. One-year relapse rates after initial weight restoration approach 50%. Intermediate and long-term follow-up studies examining clinical samples find that while a significant fraction of patients achieve full psychological and physical recovery, at least 20% continue to meet full criteria for anorexia nervosa on follow-up assessment, with many others reporting significant residual eating disorder symptoms, even if they do not meet full criteria for anorexia nervosa (Attia and Walsh, 2007). Treatment for Anorexia NervosaIndividuals who suffer from Anorexia nervosa often need guidance, treatment and support from others to get through their mental illness. However, some individuals may feel as though there is no one there to help them during their time of need. A person suffering from this disorder may often hide what he or she may experience on a daily basis from fear of embarrassment or judgement from others. According to Knapp (2017) Eating disorders are multidimensional disorders that impact physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life. As a result, people often require several types of interventions in order to recover (Knapp, 2017). This section will explore how a social worker will form a treatment group with someone who may suffer from Anorexia nervosa. According to Sequential Stage Theory, the social worker will use 5 different stages known as the Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. These stages move group members from an immature state to a more mature state.This will be a Closed- Group due to the hypersensitive diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa meaning that this is a group not meant for just anyone to come into. In the first stage, the social worker will work on Forming the Treatment Group. The social worker will work on setting the structure of the group i.e. what to keep inside the group. The social worker will understand that she is working with someone who suffers from a Mental Health Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa, so this means that rules will be discussed in this stage. Acceptance of the group members is being built in this stage. Each group member will introduce themselves and begin to build relationships.The second stage is known as the Storming stage. This stage is also known as the testing stage in which the group members are getting a feel of what to expect. Some members will be dominating and/or controlling where as other members may not be as talkative. As learned from documents in the class, the group members will have to bend and mold their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and beliefs to suit the group.The third stage is called the Norming stage. As learned from documents presented in this class, in order to move to the next stage, the group members will have to change their mentality from a testing mentality into a problem-solving mentality for treatment. The group members will begin to understand the norms of the group and will actually begin to work on ways to reach their goals. The group members must now understand in this stage that treatment will be needed to reach their goal of not suffering from Anorexia nervosa any longer. They must be willing to accept that they will no longer suffer from thoughts of worthlessness, anxiety or depression.The fourth stage is called the Performing stage. This is the stage that the group members will focus majorly on obtaining treatment that will aid them in reaching their overall goal. Evidence- Based Treatments for Eating Disorders, in general, include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), Family Based Treatment (FBT), Psychopharmacology (Medicine). Even though Anorexia nervosa is known as a serious illness, Therapy is a treatment that can help an individual through Anorexia nervosa. According to Knapp (2017), a clinical social worker often will provide psychotherapy while acting as a bridge to connect you to additional resources for a medical evaluation and nutritional assessment/counseling, both of which are also critical arenas for intervention (Knapp, 2017). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Effective treatments generally assess outcome by weight and behavioral change. Nonspecific support needs to be paired with expectation of progress in measurable medical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms. Weight restoration is generally associated with improvement in a variety of psychological areas, including mood and anxiety symptoms (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), In contrast, psychological improvement without accompanying changes in weight and eating behavior is of limited value. Patients and families should be informed about the physiology of weight gain, including the substantial number of calories required daily (Attia and Walsh, 2007).According to Attia and Walsh (2007), A family-based outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa, also called the â€Å"Maudsley method,† may be helpful for younger patients. This approach empowers the parents of a patient with anorexia nervosa to refeed their child, renegotiate the relationship between child and parents to involve issues other than food, and help their child resume normal adolescent development without an eating disorder. Several preliminary studies have shown promising results for family therapy with adolescent patients (Attia and Walsh, 2007). There are multiple options of Outpatient Services when it comes to an individual understanding what may work for them to obtain the best treatment plan as a way to get better. According to Knapp (2017), Psychotherapy can be in an individual, couples, family, and/or group format. Many individuals who are seen as an outpatient may require more than one kind of therapy (Knapp, 2017). Knapp used an example of a student who is in college who is away from home who may attend an individual/ group Psychotherapy session weekly and then also need to have a family Psychotherapy session intermittently. The social worker also may make a referral for the client to see their primary physician or a referred doctor may evaluate his or her health status and provide treatments, in which they can often provide medical evaluation and follow-up care. A social worker can also make a referral to a registered dietician who can provide nutrition assessment and counseling. This is extremely essential if the person needs help learning or remembering what normal eating is. Furthermore, if necessary, a social worker can make a referral for the client to have Psychiatric evaluation/follow-up. It is necessary for some individuals with eating disorders, especially for those who also struggle with depression and anxiety. Antidepressant medications, especially SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors), are often prescribed to treat depression and possibly to reduce cravings. If the social worker may find it fitting for their client to be a part of Psychoeducational activities which include specific skills training, such as relaxation or assertiveness training, then the social worker can make a referral for his or her client. They can also include recommended readings about eating disorders and recovery. A social worker may also feel that it is beneficial for their client to attend Self-Help Groups. Self- Help Groups, for example, 12 Stage programs can offer help and a theory of recuperation. A social worker may find it beneficial to refer their client to Intensive outpatient programs (likewise some of the time called incomplete hospitalization) are typically entire day or night programs that incorporate eating suppers with different residents alongside psychotherapy. If the client is at a stage to where he/she may get medically worse from their sickness, then the social worker should make a referral for the client to go to a Hospital facility which can incorporate inpatient or potentially/private care specialized in eating disorders. Furthermore, Hospitalization is vital for the client if he/she is: At the point when a dietary issue has gotten to a state of causing a restoratively perilous condition, when it is related with genuine mental issues, for example, suicidal ideation, when it has prompted genuine self-damage, or when the power of the confusion does not react to outpatient treatment alone. It is important to be persistent in seeking treatment for an eating disorder, such as Anorexia nervosa. Factors such as general stress level, other emotional issues, the intensity of the treatment chosen, and readiness for recovery can make a difference in whether a particular course of treatment is successful. There is also a National Helpline sponsored through the National Eating Disorders Association for clients to talk with someone if need be and the hotline number is 1(800)931-2237. On the website for National Eating Disorders Association, there is also a list of other support resources for the client and/ or his or her family.The final stage is known as the Adjourning stage. This stage is also known as the termination stage. This stage is looked at as being the stage that the group members feel a sense of accomplishment and treatment has given. During the final stage, group members will learn to say good bye to one another as a form of ending their relationship. This may also induce feelings of stress and/or anxiety. During this stage, the social worker will also discuss with the group member his or her progression. The social worker should encourage the group member to continue with the progress he or she has made. If needed, the social worker should refer the group member to additional services that may be beneficial to other issues that he or she may face following termination. It is vital for the social worker to follow-up with the group member once services are terminated. Follow-up can help the group member from relapsing or even coming back for services. However, the social worker should give the group member the phone number to the agency in case services may be needed again.Conclusively, there are more people than we will ever know who may suffer from the Eating Disorder of Anoerxia Nervosa. As a social worker working with this population, it is important to understand exactly the signs of someone who suffers from it and ways to treat this particular population in focus. A social worker who conducts a Treatment Group should us the Sequential Stage Theory which is using the five different stages of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning in order to treat the client. Eating Disorders A Mental Health diagnosis that I would like to focus on for this paper is the eating disorder of Anorexia Nervosa. Eating Disorders became a recognized topic of subject due to health difficulties that later caused many people to die in America. According to Ekern (2017) Eating disorder is an illness that is characterized by irregular eating habits and serve distress or concern about body, weight or shape (Ekern,2017). When dealing with an eating disorder, it can involve lacking or having very small food intake which can eventually harm a person's health. The most well-known types of dietary issues incorporate Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and binging. The topic of discussion for this paper is Anorexia nervosa (also known as Anorexia). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Anorexia nervosa has been recognized for centuries. Sir William Gull coined the term anorexia nervosa in 1873, but Richard Morton likely offered the first medical description of the condition in 1689. Despite its long-standing recognition, remarkably little is known about the etiology of, and effective treatment for, anorexia nervosa. Prevalence rates for anorexia nervosa are generally described as ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% among females, with males being affected about one-tenth as frequently (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to the site National Eating Disorders (2018), Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by weight loss (or lack of appropriate weight gain in growing children); difficulties maintaining an appropriate body weight for height, age, and stature; and, in many individuals, distorted body image. People with anorexia generally restrict the number of calories and the types of food they eat. Some people with the disorder also exercise compulsively, purge via vomiting and laxatives, and/or binge eat (National Eating Disorders, 2018).I believe that when a person is heavily bothered by making sure he or she meets their specific ideal weight, he or she will do whatever it takes to have that ideal weight for whatever desires they may want to have it for. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Anorexia nervosa commonly begins during middle to late adolescence, although onsets in both prepubertal children and older adults have been described. Anorexia nervosa has a mortality rate as high as that seen in any psychiatric illness and is associated with physiological alterations in virtually every organ system, although routine laboratory test results are often normal and physical examination may reveal only marked thinness (Attia ; Walsh, 2007). I've even seen people who would not even appear as though they are fat and will end up suffering from Anorexia nervosa. This is one of the reasons why a person should not judge someone even if he or she may be thin. If a person believes that they are truly fat, then that individual may have a higher risk of suffering from this Mental Health diagnosis. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), DSM-IV describes two subtypes of anorexia nervosa—the restricting subtype, consisting of those individuals whose eating behavior is characterized by restriction of type and quantity of food without binge eating or purging behaviors, and the binge-purge subtype, consisting of those who also exhibit binge eating and/or purging behaviors, such as vomiting or misuse of laxatives (Attia and Walsh, 2007). Having a loved one, patient, or client who is battling with this eating disorder must know that eventually that person will need to seek help in the future. There are many cases where there is a friend, family, or counselor whom is concerned about someone's well-being. This is where they will have to have an intervention and/or treatment group for that person. There are many behavioral counseling and therapy sessions such as support groups, psychoeducation therapy, cognitive therapy, and education on nutrition for clients whom are battling with Anorexia nervosa. According to Attia and Walsh (2007), The course of anorexia nervosa is highly variable, with individual outcomes ranging from full recovery to a chronic and severe psychosocial disability accompanied by physical complications and death. Intervention early in the course of illness and full weight restoration appear to be associated with the best outcomes (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Adolescent patients have a better prognosis than do adults. One-year relapse rates after initial weight restoration approach 50%. Intermediate and long-term follow-up studies examining clinical samples find that while a significant fraction of patients achieve full psychological and physical recovery, at least 20% continue to meet full criteria for anorexia nervosa on follow-up assessment, with many others reporting significant residual eating disorder symptoms, even if they do not meet full criteria for anorexia nervosa (Attia and Walsh, 2007). Treatment for Anorexia NervosaIndividuals who suffer from Anorexia nervosa often need guidance, treatment and support from others to get through their mental illness. However, some individuals may feel as though there is no one there to help them during their time of need. A person suffering from this disorder may often hide what he or she may experience on a daily basis from fear of embarrassment or judgement from others. According to Knapp (2017) Eating disorders are multidimensional disorders that impact physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects of a person's life. As a result, people often require several types of interventions in order to recover (Knapp, 2017). This section will explore how a social worker will form a treatment group with someone who may suffer from Anorexia nervosa. According to Sequential Stage Theory, the social worker will use 5 different stages known as the Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning. These stages move group members from an immature state to a more mature state.This will be a Closed- Group due to the hypersensitive diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa meaning that this is a group not meant for just anyone to come into. In the first stage, the social worker will work on Forming the Treatment Group. The social worker will work on setting the structure of the group i.e. what to keep inside the group. The social worker will understand that she is working with someone who suffers from a Mental Health Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa, so this means that rules will be discussed in this stage. Acceptance of the group members is being built in this stage. Each group member will introduce themselves and begin to build relationships.The second stage is known as the Storming stage. This stage is also known as the testing stage in which the group members are getting a feel of what to expect. Some members will be dominating and/or controlling where as other members may not be as talkative. As learned from documents in the class, the group members will have to bend and mold their feelings, ideas, attitudes, and beliefs to suit the group.The third stage is called the Norming stage. As learned from documents presented in this class, in order to move to the next stage, the group members will have to change their mentality from a testing mentality into a problem-solving mentality for treatment. The group members will begin to understand the norms of the group and will actually begin to work on ways to reach their goals. The group members must now understand in this stage that treatment will be needed to reach their goal of not suffering from Anorexia nervosa any longer. They must be willing to accept that they will no longer suffer from thoughts of worthlessness, anxiety or depression.The fourth stage is called the Performing stage. This is the stage that the group members will focus majorly on obtaining treatment that will aid them in reaching their overall goal. Evidence- Based Treatments for Eating Disorders, in general, include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), Family Based Treatment (FBT), Psychopharmacology (Medicine). Even though Anorexia nervosa is known as a serious illness, Therapy is a treatment that can help an individual through Anorexia nervosa. According to Knapp (2017), a clinical social worker often will provide psychotherapy while acting as a bridge to connect you to additional resources for a medical evaluation and nutritional assessment/counseling, both of which are also critical arenas for intervention (Knapp, 2017). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), Effective treatments generally assess outcome by weight and behavioral change. Nonspecific support needs to be paired with expectation of progress in measurable medical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms. Weight restoration is generally associated with improvement in a variety of psychological areas, including mood and anxiety symptoms (Attia and Walsh, 2007). According to Attia and Walsh (2007), In contrast, psychological improvement without accompanying changes in weight and eating behavior is of limited value. Patients and families should be informed about the physiology of weight gain, including the substantial number of calories required daily (Attia and Walsh, 2007).According to Attia and Walsh (2007), A family-based outpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa, also called the â€Å"Maudsley method,† may be helpful for younger patients. This approach empowers the parents of a patient with anorexia nervosa to refeed their child, renegotiate the relationship between child and parents to involve issues other than food, and help their child resume normal adolescent development without an eating disorder. Several preliminary studies have shown promising results for family therapy with adolescent patients (Attia and Walsh, 2007). There are multiple options of Outpatient Services when it comes to an individual understanding what may work for them to obtain the best treatment plan as a way to get better. According to Knapp (2017), Psychotherapy can be in an individual, couples, family, and/or group format. Many individuals who are seen as an outpatient may require more than one kind of therapy (Knapp, 2017). Knapp used an example of a student who is in college who is away from home who may attend an individual/ group Psychotherapy session weekly and then also need to have a family Psychotherapy session intermittently. The social worker also may make a referral for the client to see their primary physician or a referred doctor may evaluate his or her health status and provide treatments, in which they can often provide medical evaluation and follow-up care. A social worker can also make a referral to a registered dietician who can provide nutrition assessment and counseling. This is extremely essential if the person needs help learning or remembering what normal eating is. Furthermore, if necessary, a social worker can make a referral for the client to have Psychiatric evaluation/follow-up. It is necessary for some individuals with eating disorders, especially for those who also struggle with depression and anxiety. Antidepressant medications, especially SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors), are often prescribed to treat depression and possibly to reduce cravings. If the social worker may find it fitting for their client to be a part of Psychoeducational activities which include specific skills training, such as relaxation or assertiveness training, then the social worker can make a referral for his or her client. They can also include recommended readings about eating disorders and recovery. A social worker may also feel that it is beneficial for their client to attend Self-Help Groups. Self- Help Groups, for example, 12 Stage programs can offer help and a theory of recuperation. A social worker may find it beneficial to refer their client to Intensive outpatient programs (likewise some of the time called incomplete hospitalization) are typically entire day or night programs that incorporate eating suppers with different residents alongside psychotherapy. If the client is at a stage to where he/she may get medically worse from their sickness, then the social worker should make a referral for the client to go to a Hospital facility which can incorporate inpatient or potentially/private care specialized in eating disorders. Furthermore, Hospitalization is vital for the client if he/she is: At the point when a dietary issue has gotten to a state of causing a restoratively perilous condition, when it is related with genuine mental issues, for example, suicidal ideation, when it has prompted genuine self-damage, or when the power of the confusion does not react to outpatient treatment alone. It is important to be persistent in seeking treatment for an eating disorder, such as Anorexia nervosa. Factors such as general stress level, other emotional issues, the intensity of the treatment chosen, and readiness for recovery can make a difference in whether a particular course of treatment is successful. There is also a National Helpline sponsored through the National Eating Disorders Association for clients to talk with someone if need be and the hotline number is 1(800)931-2237. On the website for National Eating Disorders Association, there is also a list of other support resources for the client and/ or his or her family.The final stage is known as the Adjourning stage. This stage is also known as the termination stage. This stage is looked at as being the stage that the group members feel a sense of accomplishment and treatment has given. During the final stage, group members will learn to say good bye to one another as a form of ending their relationship. This may also induce feelings of stress and/or anxiety. During this stage, the social worker will also discuss with the group member his or her progression. The social worker should encourage the group member to continue with the progress he or she has made. If needed, the social worker should refer the group member to additional services that may be beneficial to other issues that he or she may face following termination. It is vital for the social worker to follow-up with the group member once services are terminated. Follow-up can help the group member from relapsing or even coming back for services. However, the social worker should give the group member the phone number to the agency in case services may be needed again.Conclusively, there are more people than we will ever know who may suffer from the Eating Disorder of Anoerxia Nervosa. As a social worker working with this population, it is important to understand exactly the signs of someone who suffers from it and ways to treat this particular population in focus. A social worker who conducts a Treatment Group should us the Sequential Stage Theory which is using the five different stages of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning in order to treat the client.

The importance of time management

There are many reasons to have time management and organization in your office; they both can lead to failure of you or your business, and or your team etc. If you don’t have time management then you will not have the time to ensure you complete the tasks that need to be done and when they are suppose to be done, even worse ensuring that the ones that work under you will not complete what they need to complete. Ensuring that you stick to a tight schedule and pushing through to the final completion is what you need to do to accomplish the job.Time management is important in ensuring that all missions are accomplished proficiently and in a timely manner. When you can maintain your time management you show your leadership ability to accomplish the jobs. When you use time management to accomplish your tasking, this will give you more time to ensure that you can work on your organization. Ensuring that your office stays organized and clean is to ensure that at any given time you ca n find a form or any information you may need at any time.You need to ensure that you have the space to complete paper work and to ensure you are keeping paper work separated so you don’t lose where your place of work. When you complete your task it is very important to file the completed work to ensure that you keep the work together and don’t lose the information you have already to complete. This helps to ensure that you keep your work together and complete. When you ensure the organization you are normally more proficient. This allows you to work better and faster.When you work time management and office organization you become a more proficient as a leader, employee or as a boss. They work together to ensure success of your career if you take your time and put emplace the program. It’s your career take a hold of it and do what you have to do to ensure success. The 4 components of Office Organization, Filing system- Having a great hard copy filing system is a must, since at any given time a computer could crash, get a virus or just about anything else.A lot of businesses use share drives which load all or the files, work,  pictures and meeting schedules to where everyone involved can look at them, and these can all become corrupt as well. But if you keep hard copies of all your work no matter if the computer system crashes you always can do your research. For example I load drivers packets onto the share drive for the Army so when new soldiers need to be trained they can print off their paperwork needed, but when they come to me I as well keep their file in my filing system, so if they lose their license or move to a new post they can take their entire packet with them showing their training.I also keep all of the tests and files needed on hand in my filing system so that I can copy at any time. This ensures that I will always have my past and future training for all soldiers in my company past and present. Pitch method- This is my p ersonal favorite since it lowers the amount of paper useless information leaving from my desk. This is important so that information that is needed is used and the not needed is trash.It limits what we have to act on; it leaves us with future information as needed and things that need to be acted upon at this very moment. This here ensures that we have the best information for the school, public or the students at the present time. Office flow- Ensuring the flow of the office is very important to anyone and all of us to ensure we get the best results of our time being used. Ensuring you have the best conditions for you in your office so that your comfortable while you work is important to accomplishing the best work you can.Computers- Computers can make almost everyone’s job easier. As a mechanic they have the test equipment that brings up the diagnostic readings that can limit what is wrong with the vehicle. The computer can be organized and set up however that is convenient for you or to give a presentation, or for anyone to use. It can make your job easier. You can ensure proper order while using power point for presentations if you have to give more than one at time.

Early Explorers of Africa

Early Explorers of Africa Even in the 18th century, much of the interior of Africa was unfamiliar to Europeans. Most of their time in Africa was limited to trade along the coast, first in gold, ivory, spices, and later slaves. In 1788 Joseph Banks, the botanist whod sailed across the Pacific Ocean with Cook, went as far as to found the African Association to promote the exploration of the interior of the continent. Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta (1304-1377) traveled over 100,000 kilometers from his home in Morocco. According to the book he dictated, he traveled as far as Beijing and the Volga River; scholars say its unlikely he traveled everywhere he claims to have. James Bruce James Bruce (1730-94) was a Scottish explorer who set off from Cairo in 1768 to find the source of the River Nile. He arrived at Lake Tana in 1770, confirming that this lake was the origin of the Blue Nile, one of the tributaries of the Nile. Mungo Park Mungo Park (1771-1806) was hired by the African Association in 1795 to explore the River Niger. When the Scotsman returned to Britain having reached the Niger, he was disappointed by the lack of public recognition of his achievement and that he was not acknowledged as a great explorer. In 1805 he set out to follow the Niger to its source. His canoe was ambushed by tribesmen at the Bussa Falls and he drowned. Renà ©-Auguste Caillià © Renà ©-Auguste Caillià © (1799-1838), a Frenchman, was the first European to visit Timbuktu and survive to tell the tale. Hed disguised himself as an Arab to make the trip. Imagine his disappointment when he discovered that the city wasnt made of gold, as legend said, but of mud. His journey started in West Africa in March 1827, headed towards Timbuktu where he stayed for two weeks. He then crossed the Sahara (the first European to do so) in a caravan of 1,200 animals, then the Atlas Mountains to reach Tangier in 1828, from where he sailed home to France. Heinrich Barth Heinrich Barth (1821-1865) was a German working for the British government. His first expedition (1844-1845)was from Rabat (Morocco) across the coast of North Africa to Alexandria (Egypt). His second expedition (1850-1855) took him from Tripoli (Tunisia) across the Sahara to Lake Chad, the River Benue, and Timbuktu, and back across the Sahara again. Samuel Baker Samuel Baker (1821-1893) was the first European to see the Murchison Falls and Lake Albert, in 1864. He was actually hunting for the source of the Nile. Richard Burton Richard Burton (1821-1890) was not only a great explorer but also a great scholar (he produced the first unabridged translation of The Thousand Nights and a Night). His most famous exploit is probably his dressing as an Arab and visiting the holy city of Mecca (in 1853) which non-Muslims are forbidden to enter. In 1857 he and Speke set off from the east coast of Africa (Tanzania) to find the source of the Nile. At Lake Tanganyika Burton fell seriously ill, leaving Speke to travel on alone. John Hanning Speke John Hanning Speke (1827-1864) spent 10 years with the Indian Army before starting his travels with Burton in Africa. Speke discovered Lake Victoria in August 1858 which he initially believed to be the source of the Nile. Burton didnt believe him and in 1860 Speke set out again, this time with James Grant. In July 1862 he found the source of the Nile, the Ripon Falls north of Lake Victoria. David Livingstone David Livingstone (1813-1873) arrived in Southern Africa as a missionary with the aim of improving the life of Africans through European knowledge and trade. A qualified doctor and minister, he had worked in a cotton mill near Glasgow, Scotland, as a boy. Between 1853 and 1856 he crossed Africa from west to east, from Luanda (in Angola) to Quelimane (in Mozambique), following the Zambezi River to the sea. Between 1858 and 1864 he explored the Shire and Ruvuma river valleys and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi). In 1865 he set off to find the source of the River Nile. Henry Morton Stanley Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) was a journalist sent by the New York Herald to find Livingstone who had been presumed dead for four years as no-one in Europe had heard from him. Stanley found him at Uiji on the edge of Lake Tanganyika in Central Africa on 13 November 1871. Stanleys words Dr. Livingstone, I presume? have gone down in the history as one of the greatest understatements ever. Dr. Livingstone is said to have replied, You have brought me new life. Livingstone had missed the Franco-Prussian War, the opening of the Suez Canal, and the inauguration of the transatlantic telegraph. Livingstone refused to return to Europe with Stanley and continued on his journey to find the source of the Nile. He died in May 1873 in the swamps around Lake Bangweulu. His heart and viscera were buried, then his body was carried to Zanzibar, from where it was shipped to Britain. He was buried at Westminster Abbey in London. Unlike Livingstone, Stanley was motivated by fame and fortune. He traveled in large, well-armed expeditions he had 200 porters on his expedition to find Livingstone, who often traveled with only a few bearers. Stanleys second expedition set off from Zanzibar towards Lake Victoria (which he sailed around in his boat, the Lady Alice), then headed into Central Africa towards Nyangwe and the Congo (Zaire) River, which he followed for some 3,220 kilometers from its tributaries to the sea, reaching Boma in August 1877. He then set off back into Central Africa to find Emin Pasha, a German explorer believed to be in danger from warring cannibals. The German explorer, philosopher, and journalist Carl Peters (1856-1918) played a significant role in the creation of Deutsch-Ostafrika (German East Africa) A leading figure in the Scramble for Africa Peters was ultimately vilified for his cruelty to Africans and removed from office. He was, however, considered a hero by the German emperor Wilhelm II and Adolf Hitler. Mary Kingsley's Mary Kingsleys (1862-1900) father spent most of his life accompanying noblemen around the world, keeping diaries and notes which he hoped to publish. Educated at home, she learned the rudiments of natural history from him and his library. He employed a tutor to teach his daughter German so she could help him translate scientific papers. His comparative study of sacrificial rites around the world was his major passion and it was Marys desire to complete this which took her to West Africa after her parents deaths in 1892 (within six weeks of each other). Her two journeys werent remarkable for their geological exploration, but were remarkable for being undertaken, alone, by a sheltered, middle-class, Victorian spinster in her thirties without any knowledge of African languages or French, or much money (she arrived in West Africa with only  £300). Kingsley did collect specimens for science, including a new fish which was named after her. She died nursing prisoners of war in Simons Town (Cape Town) during the Anglo-Boer War. The article is a revised and expanded version of that first published on 25 June 2001.

The Economic Impact of Terrorism on September 11

The Economic Impact of Terrorism on September 11 The economic impact of terrorism can be calculated from a variety of perspectives. There are direct costs to property and immediate effects on productivity as well as longer-term, indirect costs of responding to terrorism. These costs can be calculated quite minutely; for example, calculations have been made about how much money would be lost in productivity if we all had to stand in line at the airport for an extra hour every time we flew. (Not as much as we think, but the line of reasoning finally provides a rationale for the unreasonable fact that first class passengers wait less. Maybe someone is guessing, rightly, that an hour of their time costs more than an hour of others). Economists and others have tried to calculate the economic impact of terrorism for years in areas beset by attacks, such as Spains Basque region and Israel. In the last several years, most analyses of terrorisms economic costs begin with an interpretation of the costs of the September 11, 2001, attacks. The studies examined are fairly consistent in concluding that the direct costs of the attack were less than feared. The size of the American economy, a speedy response by the Federal Reserve to domestic and global market needs, and Congressional allocations to the private sector helped cushion the blow. The response to the attacks, however, has been costly indeed. Defense and homeland security spending are by far the largest cost of the attack. However, as economist Paul Krugman has asked, should the expenditure on ventures such as the Iraq war really be considered a response to terrorism, or a political program enabled by terrorism. The human cost, of course, is incalculable. Direct Economic Impact of Terrorist Attack The direct cost of the September 11 attack has been estimated at somewhat over $20 billion. Paul Krugman cites a property loss estimate by the Comptroller of the City of New York of $21.8 billion, which he has said is about 0.2 % of the GDP for a year (The Costs of Terrorism: What Do We Know? presented at Princeton University in December 2004). Similarly, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) estimated that the attack cost the private sector $14 billion and the federal government $0.7 billion, while clean-up was estimated at $11 billion. According to R. Barry Johnston and Oana M. Nedelscu in the IMF Working Paper, The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets, these numbers are equal to about 1/4 of 1 percent of the US annual GDPapproximately the same result arrived at by Krugman. So, although the numbers by themselves are substantial, to say the least, they could be absorbed by the American economy as a whole. Economic Impact on Financial Markets New Yorks financial markets never opened on September 11 and reopened a week later for the first time on September 17. The immediate costs to the market were due to damage to the communications and other transaction processing systems that had been located in the World Trade Center. Although there were immediate repercussions in world markets, based on the uncertainty engendered by the attacks, recovery was relatively swift. Economic Impact of Defense and Homeland Security Spending Defense and security spending increased by a massive amount in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Glen Hodgson, the Deputy Chief Economist for the EDC (Export Development Canada) explained the costs in 2004: The US alone now spends about US $500 billion annually20 percent of the US federal budgeton departments directly engaged in combating or preventing terrorism, most notably Defense and Homeland Security. The Defense budget increased by one-third, or over $100 billion, from 2001 to 2003 in response to the heightened sense of the threat of terrorism – an increase equivalent to 0.7 per cent of US GDP. Expenditures on defense and security are essential for any nation, but of course they also come with an opportunity cost; those resources are not available for other purposes, from spending on health and education to reductions in taxes. A higher risk of terrorism, and the need to combat it, simply raises that opportunity cost. Krugman asks, regarding this expenditure: The obvious, but perhaps unanswerable, question is to what extent this additional security spending should be viewed as a response to terrorism, as opposed to a political program enabled by terrorism. Not to put too fine a point on it: the Iraq war, which seems likely to absorb about 0.6 percent of America’s GDP for the foreseeable future, clearly wouldn’t have happened without 9/11. But was it in any meaningful sense a response to 9/11? Economic Impact on Supply Chains Economists also assess terrorisms impact on global supply chains, the sequence of steps that suppliers of goods take to get products from one area to another. These steps can become extremely costly in terms of time and money when extra layers of security at ports and land borders are added to the process. According to the OECD, higher transportation costs could have an especially negative effect on emerging economies that have benefited from a decrease in costs in the last decade and thus on countries ability to combat poverty. It does not seem entirely far-fetched to imagine that in some instances, barriers meant to safeguard populations from terrorism would actually amplify the risk: poor countries that might have to slow exports because of the cost of security measures are at a greater risk because of the effects of poverty, of political destabilization, and of radicalization among their populations.

Globalization of production & the spread of counterfeit products; A Essay

Globalization of production & the spread of counterfeit products; A Comparative analysis of the International Law on counterfeit & Piracy - Essay Example The region has since developed from a mere supplier of raw materials to an emerging production economy brought about by its export capability (Haggett, 2002). On a sad note, however, Asia is now emerging to be the single largest producing region for counterfeits and pirated goods. The Internet lent itself handy as a new platform for boosting sales, with considerable assistance from criminal networks and organised crime. The glitter of enormous profit has encouraged more counterfeiters and pirates to join the bandwagon. Moreover, penalties were believed to be relatively light even when the counterfeiting and piracy operations are detected and the perpetrators are brought to justice (OECD, 2007). This paper discusses the mechanisms which promote the growth of counterfeiting and piracy operations; the existing initiatives and laws in the war against counterfeit and pirated goods with special emphasis on the Southeast Asian region in the light of its new sobriquet as the top manufacturing region for counterfeit and pirated products; and the weaknesses or loopholes of these laws, if any. An attempt was also made to perform a comparative analysis of the policy failures, if any, and successes of coordinated efforts to fight counterfeiting and piracy. Finally, recommendations will be forwarded in the light of the inputs from the data analysed. The OECD (1998) defined counterfeiting as â€Å"an infringement of the legal rights of an owner of intellectual property† (p. 5). This is the broadest essence of the term counterfeiting. To be more specific in this discussion, however, the paper utilised the definitions of counterfeiting and piracy from the context of the TRIPs Agreement2, as counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods, respectively: Counterfeit trademark goods shall mean any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorisation a trademark which is